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Pope Pius XII

Menti Nostrae

On the Development of Holiness in Priestly Life

September 23, 1950

Pope Pius XII

Authoritative Original Source: AAS 42 (1950) p657


English Source: Papal Encyclicals Online Latin Source: Vatican Website
Pope Pius XII PIUS PP. XII
Apostolic Exhortation APOSTOLICA ADHORATATIO
Menti Nostrae MENTI NOSTRAE
To the Clergy of the World, On the Development of Holiness in Priestly Life AD CLERUM UNIVERSUM PACEM ET COMMUNIONEM
CUM APOSTOLICA SEDE HABENTEM :
DE SACERDOTALIS VITAE SANCTITATE PROMOVENDA.
VENERABLE BRETHREN AND BELOVED SONS, GREETINGS AND APOSTOLIC BENEDICTION: Venerabiles Fratres ac dilecti filii
salutem et Apostolicam Benedictionem
§1 The words of the Divine Redeemer to Peter keep coming to Our mind: “Simon, son of John, dost thou love me more than these do? . . . feed my lambs, feed my sheep”;(1)Cf. Ioann., XXI, 15 et 17. and also those words spoken by the same Prince of the Apostles exhorting the Bishops and priests of his time: “Tend the flock of God which is among you . . . becoming from the heart a pattern to the flock”.(2)I Petr., V, 2 et 3. Menti Nostrae vox resonat Divini Redemptoris Petro dicentis : « Simon Ioannis, diligis me plus his?. . . pasce agnos meos, pasce oves meas » (cfr. Io. 21, 15 et 17); itemque illa, qua idem Apostolorum Princeps Episcopos ac sacerdotes aetatis suae hisce verbis adhortabatur: « Pascite qui in vobis est gregem Dei, . . . forma facti gregis ex animo » (1 Petr. 5, 2 et 3).
§2 Principal Need of Our Time Carefully pondering over these words, We deem it the chief duty of Our supreme ministry to do Our utmost to help to make the work of pastors and priests daily more efficacious in encouraging the faithful to avoid evil, to overcome dangers and to acquire perfection. This is all the more necessary in our days when people and nations, as a result of the recent terrible war, are not only harassed by serious material difficulties but are suffering in the depths of their souls while the enemies of Catholicism, becoming bolder, owing to the state of civil society, are striving with deadly hate and subtle snares to separate men from God and Jesus Christ. Quae verba attento animo considerantes, praecipuas esse supremi ministerii Nostri partes putamus id efficere pro viribus, ut sacrorum Pastorum ac sacerdotum opera, quae christianum populum ad vitanda mala, ad superanda discrimina et ad sanctimoniam assequendam conducat oportet, efficacior cotidie fiat; quod quidem nostris praesertim temporibus necessarium est, dum adhuc gentes ac populi ob recens, immane bellum non modo gravibus difficultatibus vexantur, sed animorum etiam perturbatione acerrime afficiuntur; et dum catholici nominis hostes ob rerum adiuncta, in quibus civilis societas versatur, audaciores facti, homines a Deo et a Iesu Christo arcere exitiali odio obtectisque insidiis enituntur.
§3 Paternal Solicitude for Priests The necessity for this Christian renewal, which all men of good will appreciate, urges Us to turn Our thoughts and affections in a special way to the priests of the whole world because We know that their humble, vigilant and painstaking work among the people, whose difficulties, sufferings and bodily as well as spiritual needs they realize, is capable of restoring morals through the practice of the precepts of the Gospel and of establishing firmly on earth the Kingdom of Christ, “a Kingdom of justice, love and peace”.(3)Praef. Miss. in festo Iesu Christi Regis. Christianae instaurationis necessitas, quam hodie boni omnes cernunt, Nos iubet mentem voluntatemque Nostram ad totius orbis sacerdotes potissimum covertere, quandoquidem novimus humilem, vigilem studiosamque eorum operositatem, qui, in media plebe cum vivant, eius aegritudines, poenas ac corporis animique angustias perspectas habent, posse evangelicis praeceptis omnium renovare mores, ac Iesu Christi « Regnum iustitiae, amoris et pacis » (Praef. Miss. in festo Christi Regis) firmissime in terris constabilire.
§4 But the priesthood cannot in any way procure the full effects which are demanded by the needs of the present time unless the priests shine forth among the people with the marks of sanctity, as worthy “ministers of Christ,” faithful “dispensers of the mysteries of God”,(4)Cf. I Cor., IV, 1. “God’s helpers,”(5)Cf. I Cor., III, 9. and ready for every noble work.(6)Cf. II Tim., III, 17. Verumtamen haud possibile est sacerdotale munus plenos nancisci effectus, qui aetatis huius nostrae necessitatibus omnino respondeant, nisi sacerdotes circumstanti populo insignis sanctitatis fulgore praeluceant; sintque digni « ministri Christi », fideles « dispensatores mysteriorum Dei » (cfr. 1 Cor 4, ), efficaces « Dei adiutores » (cfr. 1 Cor. 3, 9), ad omne opus bonum instructi (cfr. 2 Tim. 3, 17)
§5 Expression of Gratitude We think there is no more fitting way in which We can show Our gratitude to the clergy of the world who, on the occasion of Our golden jubilee as a priest, showed their filial affection for Us by offering prayers to God on Our behalf, than by exhorting all the clergy in fatherly manner to attain that sanctity of life without which their ministry cannot be fruitful. We desire that the first fruit of the Holy Year, which We proclaimed for the renewal of morals in keeping with the teachings of the Gospel, should be that the leaders of the faithful strive to acquire greater perfection so that, thus inspired and thus prepared, they may renew in their flock the spirit of Jesus Christ. Iamvero nullo Nos posse aptiore modo putamus universo clero gratam profiteri voluntatem Nostram — qui quidem quinquagesimo exeunte sacerdotii Nostri anno, per admotas ad Deum preces suam erga Nos pietatem testatus est — quam si clericos omnes ad illam assequendam sanctitudinem paterno adhortemur animo, sine qua concreditum eisdem ministerium frugiferum esse non potest. Annus Sacer, quem ea spe indiximus, ut omnium mores evangelicis praeceptis redintegrarentur, hoc imprimis afferat optamus, ut nempe, qui christiani populi sunt duces, ad virtutis verticem alacriore gradu contendant, atque ita animati, ita instructi, sibi creditum gregem Iesu Christi spiritu renovent.
§6 It must be recalled that, even though the increasing needs of Christian society today more urgently demand personal holiness in priests, they are already obliged by the very nature of the high ministry confided to them by God to work unceasingly for their own sanctification always and everywhere. Quodsi adauctae hodie christianae societatis necessitates internae perfectionis formam magis magisque a sacerdotibus postulant, animadvertendum tamen est eos, ex ipsius altissimi muneris natura divinitus accepti, sanctitatis officio teneri semper, ubique totisque viribus assequendae.
§7 The Great Gift of the Priesthood As our predecessors taught, especially Pius X(7)Exhortatio Haerent animo; Acta Pii X, vol. IV, p. 237 sq. and Pius XI(8)Litt Enc. Ad catholici sacerdotii, A.A.S., XXVIII, 1936, p. 5 sq., and as We referred to in the encyclicals Mystici Corporis(9)A.A.S., XXXV, 1943, p. 193 sq. and Mediator Dei(10)A.A.S. XXXIX, 1947, p. 521 sq., the priesthood is a great gift of the Divine Redeemer, Who, in order to perpetuate the work of redemption of the human race which He completed on the Cross, confided His powers to the Church which He wished to be a participator in His unique and everlasting Priesthood. The priest is like “another Christ” because he is marked with an indelible character making him, as it were, a living image of our Saviour. The priest represents Christ Who said “As the Father has sent me, I also send you”;(11)Ioann., XX, 21. “he who hears you, hears me”.(12)Luc., X, 16. Admitted to this most sublime ministry by a call from heaven, “he is appointed for men in the things pertaining to God, that he may offer gifts and sacrifices for sins”.(13)Hebr., V, 1. To him must come anyone who wishes to live the life of the Divine Redeemer and who desires to receive strength, comfort and nourishment for his soul; from him the salutary medicine must be sought by anyone who wishes to rise from sin and lead a good life. Hence all priests may apply to themselves with full right the words of the Apostle of the Gentiles: “We are God’s helpers”.(14)I Cor., III, 9. Quemadmodum Decessores Nostri peculiarique modo Pius X (Exhortatio Haerent animo, Acta Pii X, vol. IV, p. 237 sq.) et Pius XI (Litt. Enc. Ad catholici sacerdotii, A. A. S. XXVIII, 1936, p. 5 sq.) docuere, ac Nosmet ipsi in Encyclicis Litteris Mystici Corporis (A. A. S. XXXV, 1943, p. 193 sq.) et Mediator Dei (A. A. S. XXXIX, 1947, p. 521 sq.) attigimus, sacerdotium utique magnum est donum Divini Redemptoris; qui quidem ut humani generis redemptionis opera, quam ipse e Cruce pendens consummavit, ad saecolorum usqoe occasum perpetuaretur, potestatem suam Ecclesiae commisit, quam unici aeternique sacerdotii sui participem esse voluit. Sacerdos veluti « alter Christus » est, cum indelebili sit charactere insignitus, quo viva Servatoris nostri quasi imago efficitur ; sacerdos Iesu Christi partes agit, qui dixit: « Sicut misit me Pater, et ego mitto vos » (Io. 20, 21); « qui vos audit, me audit » (Luc. 10, 16). Caelesti quodam instinctu eiusmodi ministerio augustissimo initiatus, « pro hominibus constituitur in iis, quae sunt ad Deum, ut offerat dona et sacrificia pro peccatis » (Hebr. 5, 1). Ad eum igitur accedat oportet quisquis Divini Redemptoris vitam vivere, atque vim, solacium animique alimentum accipere cupit; itemque ab eo opportuna remedia quaerat, quisquis a collapsis moribus ad frugem bonam reverti nititur. Itaque sacri omnes administri iure meritoque Apostoli gentium sententiam sibi tribuere queunt: « Dei . . . sumus adiutores » Cor. 3, 9).
§8 This lofty dignity demands from priests that they react to their exalted office with the strictest fidelity. Since they are destined to promote the glory of God on earth and to cherish and increase the Mystical Body of Christ, they must be outstanding by the sanctity of their lives in order that through them the “fragrance of Christ” may be spread everywhere.(15)II Cor., II, 15. Excelsa haec dignitas a sacerdotibus postulat ut gravissimo officio suo fidelitate summa respondeant. Cum divinae in terris provehendae gloriae ac mystico fovendo augendoque Christi Corpori inservire debeant, oportet omnino ita sanctitudinis fulgore praestent, ut per eos « Christi bonus odor » (2 Cor. 2, 15) usquequaque propagetur.
§9 The Fundamental Duty Beloved sons, on the very day that you were raised to the sacerdotal dignity, the Bishop, in the name of God, solemnly pointed out to you your fundamental duty in the following words: “Understand what you do, imitate the things you deal with; and celebrating the mystery of the death of the Lord, strive to mortify in your members all vice and concupiscence. May your doctrine be the spiritual medicine for the people of God; let the fragrance of your life of virtue be an ornament of the Church of Christ; and by your preaching and example may you build the house, that is the family of God”.(16)Pontificale Rom., De ord. presbyt. Your life, which should be completely immune from sin, should be even more hidden with Christ in God(17)Cf. Col., III, 3. than the lives of Christian layfolk. Advance then, thus adorned with that high virtue which your dignity demands, to the work of completing the redemption of man for which your priestly ordination has destined you. Eo ipso die, quo vos, dilecti filii, ad sacerdotale fuistis evecti munus, Episcopus sollemniter Deique nomine praecipuum a vobis exsequendum officium hisce verbis indicavit: « Agnoscite quod agitis, imitamini quod tractatis; quatenus mortis dominicae mysterium celebrantes, mortificare membra vestra a vitiis et concupiscentiis omnibus procuretis. Sit doctrina vestra spiritualis medicina populo Dei; sit odor vitae vestrae delectamentum Ecclesiae Christi; ut praedicatione atque exemplo aedificetis domum, id est familiam Dei » (Pontificale Rom. De ord. presbyt.). A peccatis omnino immunis, vita vestra, magis quam ea, quam christiani e laicorum ordine ducunt, abscondita sit cum Christo in Deo (cfr. Col., 3, 3); atque ita eximia illa virtute exornati, quam vestra exigit dignitas, humanae redemptionis opus perficiendum pergite, ad quod quidem sacerdotalis consecratio vos destinavit.
§10 This is the undertaking which you have freely and spontaneously assumed; be holy because, as you know, your ministry is holy. Hoc propositum est, quod vos ultro libenterque exsequendum suscepistis; sancti estote, quia, ut nostis, sacrum est ministerium vestrum.
§11 Perfection Consists in Fervent Charity According to the teaching of the Divine Master, the perfection of Christian life consists especially in the love of God and of one’s neighbor,(18)Cf. Matth., XXII, 37, 38, 39. a love that is fervent, devoted, and painstaking. If it has these qualities it can be said to embrace all virtues;(19)Cf. I Cor., XIII, 4, 5, 6, 7. and can rightly be called the “bond of perfection”.(20)Col., III, 14. In whatever circumstances a man is placed he should direct his intentions and his actions towards this end. Ex Divini Magistri sententia (cfr. Matth. 22, 37, 38, 39), christianae vitae perfectio caritate erga Deum, erga proximos potissimum innititur, quae tamen flagrans, studiosa, operosa sit. Ea enim, si ita conformatur, omnes quodammodo amplectitur virtutes (cfr.1 Cor. 13, 4, 5, 6, 7); atque adeo iure meritoque « vinculum perfectionis » (Col., 13, 14) dici potest. In quibusvis igitur rerum condicionibus versetur homo, opus est prorstts ut mentem suam suosque actus ad hoc propositum dirigat.
§12 The Priest is Called to Perfection However, the priest is bound to do this by his very office. By its very nature every priestly action necessarily tends to this end since the priest is called to this by divine vocation, destined for it by his divine office and confirmed by a divine grace. For he must cooperate with Christ, the only and eternal Priest; he must follow Him and imitate Him, Who during His life on earth had no other purpose than to bear witness to His most ardent love for His Father and to bestow on men the infinite treasures of His Heart. Ad id tamen peculiari officio adstringitur sacerdos. Quaevis enim eius sacerdotalis actio suapte natura — quatenus nempe sacrorum administer hac de causa divinitus vocatus est, ac divino munere divinoque charismate insignitus — ut ad hoc contendat necesse est; ipse enim Iesu Christo, unico aeternoque sacerdoti, sociam operam navare debet; eumque sequatur, imitetur oportet, qui, cum terrenam vitam ageret, nihil potius habuit, quam incensissimum suum erga Patrem amorem testaretur suique Cordis infinitos thesauros hominibus impertiret.
§13 IMITATION OF CHRIST: Intimate Union with Jesus The first striving of a priestly soul should be towards the closest union with the Divine Redeemer, towards the complete and humble acceptance of the precepts of Christian doctrine, and towards such a diligent application of those precepts at every moment of his life that his faith will illumine his conduct and his conduct will be a reflection of his faith. Praecipuus, quo sacerdotis animus moveri debet, impulsus eo contendat, ut cum Divino Redemptore arctissime coniungatur, ut christianae doctrinae praecepta integerrime docilique voluntate amplectatur, utque eadem quovis suae vitae tempore tam impense ad effectum deducat, ut suae agendi rationi catholica fides praeluceat, eiusdemque fidei splendorem sua agendi ratio quodammodo reverberet.
§14 Led by the light of this virtue, let him keep his eyes fixed on Christ. Let him follow closely His Teaching, His actions and His example, convincing himself that it is not sufficient for him to accomplish the duties enjoined on the ordinary faithful. He must strive with ever increasing efforts to tend to perfection of life in keeping with the high dignity of the priesthood according to the warning of the Church: “Clerics must live both interiorly and exteriorly a holier life than lay people, and must excel them in giving an example of virtue and good deeds”.(21)C.I.C., can. 124. Huius virtutis fulgore ductus, continenter suos oculos ad Christum convertat; eius praescripta, actiones, exempla studiosissime sequatur; sibique omnino persuasum habeat non satis esse eis se officiis, quibus christifideles tenentur, obtemperare, sed oportere etiam citatiore cotidie gradu ad illam contendere, quam excelsa sacerdotalis dignitas postulat, vitae perfectionem, secundum illud: « Clerici debent sanctiorem prae laicis vitam interiorem et exteriorem ducere, eisque virtute et recte factis in exemplum excellere » (C. I. C. can. 124).
§15 The priestly life, since it arises from Christ should always and in everything be directed towards Him. Christ is the Word of God and did not disdain to assume human nature. He lived a life on earth in order to obey the will of the Eternal Father. He spread around Himself the fragrance of the lily. He lived in poverty, and “went about doing good and healing all”.(22)Act. Ap., X, 38. Finally, He offered Himself as a victim for the salvation of His brethren. That, beloved sons, is the summary of the wonderful life proposed to you. Strive with all your strength to reproduce it in yourselves and recall His words of exhortation: “For I have given you an example, that as I have done to you, so you also should do”.(23)Ioann., XIII, 15. Sacerdotalis vita, ut a Christo oritur, ita nullo non tempore ad eum omnino dirigatur necesse est. Christus autem Dei Verbum est, qui humanam naturam non est dedignatus assumere; qui hanc terrestrem vitam egit ut Aeterni Patris obtemperaret voluntati; qui se circum lilii suavitatem effudit, qui in paupertate vixit; « qui pertransiit benefaciendo et sanando omnes » (Act. 10, 38); qui denique se hostiam pro fratrum salute obtulit. Habetis, dilecti filii, mirabilis huius vitae summam veluti ante oculos positam; eam in vos referre omni nisu studeatis, incitamenti illius memores: « Exemplum... dedi vobis, ut quemadmodum ego feci vobis, ita et vos faciatis » (Io. 13, 15).
§16 The Practice of Humility The beginning of Christian perfection stems from humility. “Learn from Me, for I am meek and humble of heart”.(24)Matth., XI, 29. The consideration of the high dignity to which we are called by Baptism and Holy Orders and the knowledge of our own spiritual need ought to induce us to meditate on the words of Christ: “Without Me you can do nothing”.(25)Ioann., XV, 5. Christianae autem perfectionis initium ex humilitatis virtute oritur. « Discite a me, quia mitis sum, et humilis corde » (Matth. 11, 29). Nos siquidem probe considerantes ad quam celsissimam dignitatem per Baptisma et sacrum Ordinem vocati fuimus, ac spiritualem nostram noscentes inopiam, divinam illam meditemur sententiam Iesu Christi asseverantis : « Sine me nihil potestis facere » (Io. 15, 5).
§17 Distrust of Self Let the priest not trust in his own strength nor be complacent in his own gifts nor seek the esteem and praise of men but let him imitate Christ, Who “did not come to be served but to serve”,(26)Matth., XX, 28. let him deny himself according to the teaching of the Gospel,(27)Cf. Matth., XVI, 24. detaching himself from the things of the earth in order to follow the Divine Master more easily and more readily. Whatever he has, whatever he is, is due to the goodness and power of God; if he wishes to glory in this let him remember the words of the Apostle of the Gentiles: “For myself I will glory in nothing save in my infirmities”.(28)II Cor., XII, 5. Sacerdos non suis viribus confidat, non suis dotibus immodice delectetur, non hominum aestimationem laudationesque captet, non amplioribus muneribus cupide inhiet, sed Christum imitetur, qui « non venit ministrari, sed ministrare » (Matth. 20, 28), ac semet ipsum ad Evangelii normam abneget (cfr. Matth. 16, 24), terrenisque rebus nimis ne adhaereat, ut facilius atque expeditius divinum sequatur Magistrum. Quidquid habet, quidquid est, ex Dei bonitate virtuteque defluit; si igitur gloriari velit, Apostoli gentium verba meminerit: « Pro me autem nihil gloriabor, nisi in infirmitatibus meis » (2 Cor. 17, 5).
§18 Immolation of the Will The spirit of humility, illumined by faith, disposes the soul to the immolation of the will by means of obedience. Christ Himself established in the society He founded a legitimate authority which is a continuation of His own. Hence he who obeys the authorities of the church is obeying the Redeemer Himself. Illius humilitatis studium, quae fidei luce collustretur, hominem ad quamdam voluntatis immolationem per debitam oboedientiam compellit. Christus ipse in societate ab se condita legitimam constituit auctoritatem, quae suam in aevum perpetuaret; quamobrem qui Ecclesiae obtemperat moderatoribus, Divino ipsi Redemptori obtemperat.
§19 The Necessity of Obedience In an age like ours, in which the principle of authority is grievously disturbed, it is absolutely necessary that the priest, keeping the precepts of faith firmly in mind, should consider and duly accept this same authority, not only as the bulwark of the social and religious order, but also as the foundation of his own personal sanctification. While the enemies of God, with criminal astuteness, are trying to incite and solicit people’s unruly passions, to make them rise up against the commands of Holy Mother Church, We wish to give due praise to, and animate with paternal encouragement that vast army of ministers of God, who, in order to manifest openly their Christian obedience and to preserve intact their fidelity to Christ and to the legitimate authority established by Him, “have been counted worthy to suffer disgrace for the name of Jesus”,(29)Acta Ap., V, 41. and not only disgrace, but persecutions and prison and even death. Aetate hac nostra cum auctoritatis fundamentum temerario ausu concutiatur, opus omnino est ut sacerdos, fidei praecepta firma retinens mente, hanc eamdem auctoritatem agnoscat riteque observet, veluti necessarium non modo religiosarum ac socialium rerum tutamentum, sed suae etiam ipsius procurandae sanctitatis principium. Dum divini nominis osores nefaria quadam calliditate immodicas nonnullorum cupidines incitare ac pellicere idcirco enituntur, ut adversus Sanctae Matris Ecclesiae iussa eos erigant, debitis Nos cupimus exornare laudibus paternoque confirmare animo frequentissimum illorum sacrorum administrorum agmen, qui quidem, ut christianam suam oboedientiam luculenter profiterentur, utque integerrimam suam fidelitatem erga Christum ab eoque constitutam auctoritatem servarent incolumen, « digni habiti sunt pro nomine Iesu contumeliam pati » Act. 5, 41) ac non solum contumelias, sed insectationes, sed carcerem atque etiam mortem.
§20 Celibacy The priest has as the proper field of his activity everything that pertains to the supernatural life, since it is he who promotes the increase of this supernatural life and communicates it to the Mystical Body of Jesus Christ. Consequently, it is necessary that he renounce “the things of the world,” in order to have care only for “the things of the Lord”.(30)I Cor., VII, 32, 33. And it is precisely because he should be free from preoccupation with worldly things to dedicate himself entirely to the divine service, that the Church has established the law of celibacy, thus making it ever more manifest to all peoples that the priest is a minister of God and the father of souls. By his law of celibacy, the priest, so far from losing the gift and duties of fatherhood, rather increases them immeasurably, for, although he does not beget progeny for this passing life of earth, he begets children for that life which is heavenly and eternal. In earum rerum ordine operatur sacerdos, quae ad supernam vitam pertinent, cum eiusdem supernae vitae incrementa provehat, eamque cum mystico Iesu Christi Corpore communicet. Quamobrem negotiis illis vale dicat oportet « quae sunt mundi », ut ea solummodo curet, « quae Domini sunt » (1 Cor. 7, 32, 33). Cum igitur a saeculi sollicitudinibus liber esse debeat, seseque totum divino servitio mancipare, caelibatus legem Ecclesia constituit, quo magis etiam magisque manifestum omnibus pateat eum esse Dei administrum animorumque patrem. Qua quidem caelibatus lege potius quam paterni muneris officium omnino amittat sacerdos, in immensum revera adauget, quandoquidem non terrenae huic ac caducae vitae subolem parit, sed caelesti perpetuoque mansurae.
§21 The more resplendent priestly chastity is, so much the more does the sacred minister become, together with Christ, “a pure victim, a holy victim, an immaculate victim”.(31)Missale Rom., can. Quo splendidius autem sacerdotalis castimonia refulget, eo magis sacrorum administer fit una cum Christo « hostia pura, hostia sancta, hostia immaculata » (Missale Rom. can.).
§22 In order carefully to preserve unstained this inestimable treasure of our chastity, it is suitable and necessary to be obedient to that exhortation of the Prince of Apostles, which we daily repeat in the Divine Office, “Be ye sober, and watch”.(32)I Petr., V, 8. Quam quidem castimoniam ut integerrimam, quasi inaestimabilis pretii thesaurum, omni cura servemus, opportunum ac necessarium est illi Apostolorum Principis adhortationi religiose obsequi, quam cotidie in horariis precibus repetimus: « Sobrii estote, et vigilate » (1 Petr. 5, 8).
§23 Vigilance and Prayer the Safeguards of Chastity Yes, watch, beloved sons, because priestly chastity is exposed to so many dangers, whether by reason of laxity in public morals, or because of the allurements of vice which you find so easily seductive in these days, or, finally, because of that excessive liberty in relations between the sexes which at times dares to insinuate itself even into the exercise of the sacred ministry. “Watch and pray”,(33)Marc., XIV, 38. mindful that your hands touch those things which are most holy, that you have been consecrated to God and are to serve Him alone. The very habit which you wear, reminds you that you should live not to the world, but to God. Therefore, trusting in the protection of the Virgin Mother of God, generously make every effort to preserve yourselves “clean, unstained, pure and chaste, as becomes the ministers of Christ and the dispensers of the mysteries of God.”(34)Pontificale Rom., In ordin. Diacon. Advigilate utique, dilecti filii, quandoquidem castitati vestrae tot pericula occurrunt, tum ob mores publice pessumdatos, tum ob vitiorum illecebras, quae vobis hodie tam facile insidiantur, tum denique ob nimiam illam necessitudinum libertatem, qua utriusque sexus cives utuntur, et quae interdum in sacri etiam ministerii exercitium irrepere audet. « Vigilate, et orate » (Marc. 14, 38), semper memores manus vestras res sanctissimas tangere; itemque memores vos esse consecratos Deo, eidemque debere unice servire. Vestis ipsa, quam geritis, quodammodo vos admonet ut non mundo, sed Deo vivatis. Omni igitur nisu omnique alacritate efficite, maternae confisi Deiparae Virginis tutelae, ut « nitidi, mundi, puri, casti, sicut decet ministros Christi et dispensatores mysteriorum Dei » (Pontificale Rom. In ordin. Diacon.) cotidie sitis.
§24 Avoidance of Familiarity To this end We deem it opportune to address to you a special exhortation as regards your direction of associations and sodalities of women, that you show yourselves as becomes a priest; avoid every familiarity; when you must give your services, give them in a way that is befitting sacred ministers. Moreover, in directing these associations, let your interest be confined to the demands of the sacred ministry. Quam ad rem opportunum ducimus peculiari modo vos adhortari ut in mulierum consociationibus ac sodaliciis moderandis tales vos exhibeatis, quales sacerdotes addecet; familiaritatem omnem devitate; ac quotiescumque opera vestra necessaria est, eam utpote sacri administri impertite. Atque in iisdem consociationibus dirigendis navitatem vestram iis contineatis limitibus, quos sacerdotale ministerium vestrum postulat.
§25 Detachment from Worldly Possessions Nor should you consider it sufficient to renounce earthly pleasures through chastity and to submit in generous obedience to your superiors; to these you must also unite daily a detachment of your hearts from riches and from the things of earth. Reverently take as your models those great saints of ancient and modern times who joined this essential detachment from material goods to a profound trust in Divine Providence and a most ardent priestly zeal; as a result, they produced works that are truly marvelous, confiding solely in God who, assuredly, is never found wanting in our needs. Even priests who do not make a profession of poverty by a special vow, must always be guided by the love of this virtue, a love that ought to show itself in the simplicity and modesty of their manner of life, in their living quarters, and in their generosity to the poor. Let them especially refrain from those economic enterprises which would impede the fulfillment of their pastoral duties, and lessen the respect which is due to them from the faithful. Since it is the office of the priest to spend every effort to obtain the salvation of souls, he must apply to himself those words of St. Paul, “I do not seek yours, but you”.(35)II Cor., XII, 14. Nec satis habeatis per castimoniam voluptatibus carnis renuntiare ac per oboedientiam moderatoribus vestris voluntatem sponte subicere, sed animum quoque a divitiis terrenisque rebus cotidie magis abalienatum gerite. Etiam atque etiam vos adhortamur, dilecti filii, ut res fluxas ac perituras huius mundi ne nimis diligatis; sanctissimos veteris nostraeque aetatis viros venerabundi in exemplum intuemini, qui quidem, debitam externorum bonorum abstinentiam summamque Providentis Numinis fiduciam cum flagrantissimo sacerdotali studio coniungentes, miranda prorsus opera patrarunt Deo unice confisi, qui necessaria numquam auxilia denegat. Sacrorum etiam administri, qui paupertatis officio ob peculiare nuncupatum votum non obligantur, huius paupertatis amore ducantur oportet; quem quidem amorem simplicis ac moderatae vitae ratio demonstret, habitatio non sumptuosa declaret, ac denique generosa erga egenos largitas confirmet. Potissimum vero se abstineant ab oeconomicis illis inceptis, quae eos a sacris obeundis muneribus abstrahant, debitamque sibi imminuere possint christifidelium aestimationem. Sacerdos siquidem, cum in animorum salutem procurandam omni ope incumbat necesse sit, illam sibi Apostoli Pauli sententiam tribuere debet : « Non ... quaero quae vestra sunt, sed vos » (2 Cor. 12, 14).
§26 The Priest a Model of All Virtues Many things occur to Our mind which We might say if there were an opportunity here of giving a detailed treatment of all the virtues by which the priest should reproduce in himself as faithfully as possible the Divine Model, Jesus Christ. But We have chosen to concentrate Our attention on those things which seemed to be specially necessary in our times. As for other virtues, let it suffice that We now recall to your minds the words of that golden book, The Imitation of Christ, “The priest should be adorned with all the virtues, and give an example to others of a righteous life. Let his conversation be not according to the common and vulgar ways of men, but with the angels and with men that are perfect”.(36)De imit. Christi, IV, c. 5, v. 13, 14. Si heic opportunitas haberetur de virtutibus omnibus enucleate agendi, quibus sacerdos divinum Iesu Christi exemplar aptiore, quo potest, modo in se referat opus est, multa profecto, quae menti Nostrae occurrunt, pertractaremus; voluimus tamen ea solummodo peculiari modo menti vestrae inculcare, quae nostris hisce temporibus potiore ratione necessaria viderentur; ad ceteras autem quod attinet, hanc satis esto aurei libelli de imitatione Christi recordari sententiam: « Sacerdos omnibus virtutibus debet esse ornatus; et aliis bonae vitae exemplum praebere. Eius conversatio non cum popularibus et communibus hominum viis, sed cum Angelis in caelo, aut cum perfectis viris in terra » (De imit. Christi, l .IV , c. 5, v. 13, 14).
§27 NECESSITY OF GRACE FOR SALVATION Everyone knows, beloved brethren, that it is impossible for a Christian and, in a special way, a priest, to imitate the admirable example of the Divine Master in daily life without the help of grace, and without the use of those instruments of grace which He Himself has placed at our disposal: a use which is as much more necessary as the grade of perfection to which we are bound to attain is higher, and as the difficulties which arise from our natural inclination to evil are greater. For this reason, We judge it opportune to pass on to the consideration of certain other truths, as sublime as they are consoling, from which should appear still more clearly how deep should be the sanctity of the priest, and how efficacious are the helps given to us by the Lord to enable us to fulfill in ourselves the designs of His divine mercy. Nemo est qui ignoret, dilecti filii, singulis christianis peculiareque modo sacerdotibus possibile non esse miranda Divini Magistri exempla in cotidianae vitae usu imitari, nisi supernae gratiae auxilio fruantur, iisque utantur eiusdem divinae gratiae instrumentis, quae ipsemet nobis dilargitus est. Idque eo magis evadit necessarium, quo excelsior perfectio est, quam nos attingere debemus, et quo graviores ex natura nostra, in malum prona, oriuntur difficultates. Qua quidem ratione ducti, opportunum putamus gradum facere ad alias, grandidatis ac solacii plenas, proponendas veritates, ex quibus vel luculentius patet quam elata esse debeat sacerdotalis sanctitas, et quam efficaces sint opes nobis a Iesu Christo datae, ut divinae misericordiae consilia ad effectum in nobis deducere possimus.
§28 The Priest's Life a Life of Sacrifice As the whole life of the Saviour was directed toward the sacrifice of Himself, so the life of the priest, which should reproduce in itself the image of Christ, ought also to be with Him, and through Him, and in Him, a pleasing sacrifice. Quemadmodum omnis Servatoris nostri vita ad sui ipsius sacrificium ordinata fuit, ita pariter sacerdotis vita, qui Christi imaginem in se referre debet, cum eodem, in eodem per eumdemque gratum fiat sacrificium oportet.
§29 After the Example of Jesus on Calvary Indeed, the sacrifice which the Lord made upon Calvary, hanging on the cross, was not only the immolation of His own Body; for He offered Himself, a Victim of expiation, as the Head of the human race and, therefore, “while commending His Spirit into the hands of the Father, He commends Himself to God as man, in order to commend to the Eternal Father all mankind”.(37)S. ATHANS., De incarnatione, n. 12: Migne, P.G., XXVI. 1003s. Siquidem sacrificium, quod Divinus Redemptor e cruce pendens in Calvariae monte obtulit, non sui proprii corporis tantummodo immolatio fuit; ipse enim semet ipsum piacularem hostiam dedit utpote humani generis Caput; atque adeo « cum spiritum suum in manus Patris commendat, ut homo seipsum commendat Deo, ut omnes homines Deo commendet » (S. Athanas. De incarnatione, n. 12: MG. 26, 1003 s.).
§30 ...and in Holy Mass The very same thing occurs in the Sacrifice of the Eucharist, which is the unbloody renewal of the Sacrifice of the Cross: Christ offers Himself to the Eternal Father for His glory and for our salvation. And in so far as He, the Priest and Victim, acts in His capacity as Head of the Church, He offers and immolates not only Himself, but all Christians, and in a certain manner, all of mankind.(38)Cf. S. Aug., De civitate Dei; 1. X, c. 6: Migne, P.L., XLI, 284. Idem profecto in Eucharistico sacrificio contingit, quod incruenta est crucis sacrificii renovatio: Christus enim semet ipsum Aeterno Patri offert pro sua gloria nostraque salute; quandoquidem autem ipse, sacerdos et hostia, ut Ecclesiae Caput agit, non modo semet ipsum, sed christianos universos et quodam modo omnes etiam homines offert et immolat (cfr. S. Aug. De civitate Dei; l. 10, c. 6: ML. 41, 284).
§31 The Treasures of the Eucharistic Sacrifice Now if this holds true for all Christians, much more does it hold for priests, who are the ministers of Christ, principally in order to celebrate the Eucharistic Sacrifice. And precisely in the Eucharistic Sacrifice, when “in the person of Christ”, he consecrates bread and wine, which become the Body and Blood of Christ, the priest can draw from that same fountain of the supernatural life the inexhaustible treasures of salvation and all those helps which he needs for himself personally and for the fulfillment of his mission. Iamvero si hoc pro christianis omnibus, maiore profecto titulo pro sacerdotibus valet, qui idcirco praesertim Divini Redemptoris ministri sunt, ut Eucharisticum sacrificium peragant. Quo quidem in Eucharistico sacrificio, dum personam Christi sustinentes, panem et vinum consecrant, quae Corpus et Sanguis Christi fiunt, inexhaustos ex ipso supernae vitae fonte haurire possunt salutis thesauros omniaque illa auxilia, quae sibi non modo necessaria sint, sed suo etiam ipsorum explendo muneri.
§32 Living the Mass Being in such close contact with the divine mysteries, the priest cannot but be hungry and thirsty after justice,(39)Cf. Matth., V, 6. or not feel inspired to assimilate his life to his exalted dignity, and orient his life towards that sacrifice in which he must needs offer and immolate himself with Christ. Consequently, he will not merely celebrate Holy Mass, but will live it out intimately in his daily life; in no other way can he obtain that supernatural vigor which will transform him and make him a sharer in the life of sacrifice of the Redeemer. Sacrorum nempe administer, dum divinis hisce mysteriis arctissime coniungitur, facere non potest quin esuriat ac sitiat iustitiam (cfr. Matth. 5, 6), seseque vehementer incitatum sentiat ad illi, qua ornatur, tam excelsae dignitati vitam aequandam suam, ad eamdemque se devovendi studio conformandam, cum semet ipsum debeat una cum Christo quodammodo immolare. Quamobrem Eucharisticum sacrificium non modo celebret, sed etiam intima quadam ratione vivat oportet; ita enim supernam vim illam haurire potest, qua fiat ut penitus transformetur, atque piacularem Divini ipsius Redemptoris vitam participet.
§33 Being a Victim with Jesus St. Paul sets down as the basic principle of Christian perfection, the precept, “Put on the Lord Jesus Christ”.(40)Rom., XIII. 14. Again if this precept applies to all Christians, it applies in a particular way to priests. But putting on Jesus Christ does not mean merely adapting one’s mind to His doctrine; it means that a person enters upon a new life which, in order to shine with the splendor of Thabor, must first be conformed to the sufferings and trials of our Redeemer suffering on Calvary. This involves long and arduous labor, by which the soul is transformed to the state of victim, in order that it may participate intimately in the sacrifice of Christ. However, this arduous and assiduous labor is not to be accomplished through empty velleity, nor achieved through mere desires and promises; it must be an indefatigable and continuous exercise, which aims at a fruitful renovation of spirit; it must be an exercise of piety, which refers all things to the glory of God; it must be an exercise of penance, which tempers and checks the immoderate movements of the soul; it must be an act of charity, which inflames the soul with love of God and the neighbor, and which effectuates works of mercy; it must, in fine, be that active and ready willingness by which we strive and struggle to accomplish whatsoever is most perfect. Ex Apostoli Pauli sententia, praecipuum christianae perfectionis principium hoc praecepto declaratur: « Induimini Dominum Iesum Christum » (Rom. 13, 14). Hoc autem praeceptum, si ad christifideles omnes pertinet, at potiore quodam modo sacerdotes obstringit. Atqui Iesum Christum indui non modo significat ad eius doctrinam mentem dirigere suam, sed novam etiam vitam ingredi, quae quidem ut Thaboris splendoribus fulgeat, Redemptoris nostri debet imprimis, in Calvaria patientis, doloribus angoribusque conformari. Hoc profecto arduum adsiduumque laborem postulat, quo animus noster quasi victima efficiatur, ut cum Christi sacrificio intima ratione communicet. Hic arduus adsiduusque labor non inani voluntate ducitur, non desideriis ac votis concluditur, sed studiosa esse debet indefessaque actio, quae ad frugiferam animi renovationem contendat: sed pietatis sit oportet exercitatio, qua omnia ad Dei gloriam referantur; paenitentiae sit exercitium, quod immoderatos animi motus temperet ac refrenet; caritatis sit navitas, quae nos erga Deum, erga proximos amore inflammet, nosque ad omnia provehenda misericordiae opera permoveat; sit denique actuosae voluntatis alacritas, qua enitendo eluctandoque per fectissima quaeque attingamus.
§34 The Admonition of St. Peter Chrysologus The priest should, therefore, study to reproduce in his own soul the things that are effected upon the Altar. As Jesus Christ immolates Himself, so His minister should be immolated with Him; as Jesus expiates the sins of men, so he, by following the hard road of Christian asceticism, should labor at the purification of himself and of others. Hence the admonition of St. Peter Chrysologus: “Be you the priest and the sacrifice of God; do not lose that which has been given to you by the authority of God. Clothe yourself with the garment of sanctity, gird yourself with the cincture of chastity; let Christ be the covering for your head; let the cross of Christ be the protection before your face; instill in your breast the sacrament of divine wisdom; constantly burn the incense of prayer; grasp the sword of the Spirit; let your heart be, as it were, an altar on which you may safely offer your body as a victim to God . . . Offer Him your faith, for the chastisement of perfidy; offer Him your fasting, that gluttony may cease; offer your chastity as a sacrifice that passion may die; place on the Altar your piety, that impiety be put away; call upon mercy, that avarice may be overcome; and that folly may disappear, the immolation of sanctity is called for. In this way shall your body be also your victim, if it has not been wounded by any dart of sin”.(41)Sermo CVIIIs Migne, P.L., LII, 500, 501. Necesse est igitur ut, quod in sacrificali ara agitur, sacerdotalis animus in se referre studeat : quemadmodum nempe Iesus Christus semet ipsum immolat, ita eius administer una cum illo se immolare debet; quemadmodum Iesus expiat peccata hominum, ita sacerdos per excelsum christianae asceseos iter ad propriam perveniat necesse est proximorumque purificationem. Ita enim eum S. Petrus Chrysologus admonet: « Esto Dei sacrificium et sacerdos; non amittas quod tibi divina dedit et concessit auctoritas. Induere sanctitatis stolam; praecingere balteum castitatis; sit in velamento capitis tui Christus; crux in frontis tui munimine perseveret; pectori tuo appone divinae scientiae sacramentum; in odorem thymiama semper orationis accende; arripe gladium Spiritus; altare cor tuum pone et sic corpus tuum admove Dei securus ad victimam... Offer fidem, ut perfidia sit punita; immola ieiunium, ut voracitas cesset; sacrifica castitatem, ut moriatur libido; impone pietatem, ut deponatur impietas; invita misericordiam, ut avaritia deleatur; et ut consumatur stultitia, semper sanctitatem convenit immolare: sic fiet corpus tuum tua hostia, si nullo peccati iaculo fuerit sauciata » (Sermo CVIII: ML. 52, 500, 501).
§35 Mystical Death in Christ We wish to repeat here in a special manner for priests what We have already proposed to the meditation of all the faithful in the Encyclical Mediator Dei: “It is quite true that Christ is a priest; but He is a priest not for Himself but for us, when in the name of the whole human race He offers our prayers and religious homage to the eternal Father; He is also a victim since He substitutes Himself for sinful man. Now the exhortation of the Apostle, `Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus,’ requires that all Christians should possess, as far as is humanly possible, the same dispositions as those which the divine Redeemer had when He offered Himself in sacrifice: that is to say, they should, in a humble attitude of mind, pay adoration, honor, praise and thanksgiving to the supreme majesty of God. Moreover, it means that they must assume to some extent the character of a victim, that they deny themselves as the Gospel commands, that freely and of their own accord they do penance and that each detests and satisfies for his sins. It means, in a word, that we must all undergo with Christ a mystical death on the cross so that we can apply to ourselves the words of St. Paul, ‘With Christ I am nailed to the cross.'”(42)A.A.S., XXXIX, 1947, pp. 552, 553. Quae Nos christianis universis per Encyclicas Litteras Mediator Dei meditanda proposuimus, ea placet in praesens iisdem verbis peculiari modo sacerdotibus iterare: « Christus utique sacerdos est, sed nobis non sibi sacerdos, cum vota religionisque sensus totius humani generis nomine Aeterno Patri deferat; idem pariter victima est, sed nobis, cum semet ipsum in vicem hominis culpis obnoxii reponat. Iamvero illud Apostoli " hoc... sentite in vobis, quod et in Christo Iesu " a christianis omnibus postulat, ut eo modo animum in se referant affectum, quantum humana potest facultas, quo Divini Redemptoris animus affectus erat, cum sui ipsius faciebat sacrificium; humilem nempe referant mentis demissionem, summaeque Dei Maiestati adorationem adhibeant, honorem, laudem, gratiarum actionem. Postulat praeterea ab iisdem ut victimae condicionem quodammodo sumant ut semet ipsos ad Evangelii praecepta abnegent, ut paenitentiae ultro libenterque dent operam, utque admissa quisque sua detestentur et expient. Postulat denique ut omnes una cum Christo mysticam in Cruce mortem obeamus, ita quidem ut Pauli sententiam usurpare possimus: " Christo confixus sum Cruci " » (A. A. S. XXXIX, 1947, pp. 552, 553).
§36 The Riches of the Blood of Christ Priests and beloved sons, we hold in our hands a great treasure, a precious pearl, the inexhaustible riches of the blood of Jesus Christ; let us use them even to prodigality, so that, by the complete sacrifice of ourselves offered with Christ to the Eternal Father, we may become, in truth, mediators of justice, “in the things which appertain to God”,(43)Hebr., V, 1. and that we may deserve to have our prayers accepted and obtain a super-abundance of graces which may refresh and make more fruitful the Church and the souls of all men. Only when we have become one with Christ through His oblation and ours and when we have raised our voice with the choir of the inhabitants of the heavenly Jerusalem, as we read, “We join ourselves in song with them, our hopes in Holy Sion,”(44)Brev. Rom., Hymn. pro. off. Dedic. Eccl. only then, strengthened by the virtue of our Savior, shall we be able to descend in safety from the heights of sanctity to which we have attained, to bring to all men the life and the light of God by means of our priestly ministry. Sacerdotes ac filii dilectissimi, magnum nos habemus in nostris manibus thesaurum ac pretiosissimam margaritam, hoc est, inexhaustas Iesu Christi Sanguinis divitias, iisdem quam largissime utamur, ita quidem ut, per plenum nostri sacrificium Aeterno Patri una cum Christo oblatum, veraces efficiamur iustitiae conciliatores « in iis, quae sunt ad Deum » (Hebr. 5, 1), ac mereri possimus, ut preces nostrae benigne excipiantur, ac superfluentem gratiarum imbrem impetrent, quae Ecclesiam omnesque animos recreent atque fecundent. Tum solummodo, cum nempe veluti unum erimus cum Christo per suam nostramque immolationem, vocemque nostram cum caelestis Hierosolyrnae habitatorum choro conseremus secundum illud « illi canentes iungimur almae Sionis aemuli » (Brev. Rom. Hymn. pro off. Dedic. Eccl.), tum solummodo, Servatoris nostri virtute corroborati, e sanctitatis vertice, quem assecuti fuerimus, tute poterimus ac secure cunctis hominibus impertire per sacerdotale ministerium nostrum supernam Dei lucem supernamque vitam.
§37 NECESSITY OF PRAYER AND PIETY: The Obligation of the Divine Office Perfect sanctity also demands a continual communication with God; and because this intimate contact which the priestly soul should enjoy with God, ought never be interrupted in the succession of days and hours, the Church obliges the priest to recite the Divine Office. In this manner, she has been faithfully obedient to the injunction of the Lord, “That they must always pray and not lose heart”.(45)Luc., XVIII, 1. §38 Just as the Church herself never ceases praying, so she ardently desires that her children should do the same, repeating the words of the Apostle, “Through Him (Jesus), therefore, let us offer up a sacrifice of praise always to God, that is, fruit of lips praising His name”.(46)Hebr., XIII, 15. To priests, she has committed the special duty of consecrating to God, praying also in the name of the people, every period of the day and every circumstance of life. Perfecta sanctitatis forma id etiam requirit ut cum Deo continenter communicemus; ut autem eiusmodi communicatio, quae sacerdotali animo cum Deo intercedat oportet, per subsequentes dies et horas ne intermittatur, Ecclesia sacros administros officio teneri iussit horarias preces recitandi. Ea hoc modo Divini Redemptoris praecepto fideliter obsecuta est dicentis: « Oportet semper orare et non deficere » (Luc. 18, 1). Siquidem, quemadmodum Ecclesia ab effundendis precibus nullo tempore cessat, ita percupit ut filii sui supplicationes numquam intermittant; iisdemque Apostoli Pauli adhortationem repetit: « Per ipsum [Iesum] offeramus hostiam laudis semper Deo, id est, fructum labiorum confitentium nomini eius » (Hebr. 13, 15). Sacrorum autem administris hoc peculiare munus concredit, ut nempe, populi etiam nomine comprecando, omnis temporis rerumque decursum quodammodo Deo consecrent.
§39 The Voice of Christ and of the Church Obedient to this duty, the priest continues to do down the course of the ages, that which Christ Himself had done, who “in the days of His earthly life, with a loud cry and tears, offered up prayers and supplications . . . and was heard because of His reverent submission”.(47)Hebr., XIII, 7. This prayer has, without doubt, a singular efficacy because it is done in the name of Christ, “through our Lord Jesus Christ,” who is our Mediator with the Father, presenting to Him incessantly, His own satisfaction, His merits, and the infinite price of His Blood. It is truly “the voice of Christ,” who “prays for us as our Priest, prays among us as our Head”.(48)S. Aug., Ennar. in Ps. LXXXXV, n. 1: Migne, P.L., XXXVII, 1081. By the same token, it is always “the voice of the Church,” which takes up the sentiments and desires of all the faithful who unite their voices to the prayers and faith of the priest in praising Jesus Christ and, through Him, render thanks to the Eternal Father, obtaining from Him the assistance which they need in their lives every day and every hour. In this wise there is repeated daily, by means of the priests, what Moses once did on the mountain top, when, with his arms lifted up to heaven, he spoke to God and earnestly begged of Him mercy and favor for his people, who were suffering trials in the valley below. Huic officio obsequens sacerdos, illud vertentibus saeculis, agere pergit, quod Christus fecit, qui « in diebus carnis suae preces supplicationesque... cum clamore valido et lacrimis offerens, exauditus est pro sua reverentia » (Ibid. 5, 7). Hae siquidem preces, cum adhibeantur Christi nomine, hoc est « per Dominum Nostrum Iesum Christum », qui, conciliator noster apud Patrem, suam eidem perpetuo offert satisfactionem, sua promerita validissimumque sui Sanguinis pretium, singulari procul dubio efficacitate pollent. Sunt enim peculiari ratione « vox Christi », qui « orat pro nobis ut sacerdos noster; orat in nobis, ut Caput nostrum » (S.Aug. Enarr. in Ps. 85, n. I.; ML. 37, 1081). Parique modo sunt semper « vox Ecclesiae », quae vota ac desideria christifidelium omnium refert; qui quidem una cum sacerdotis precibus eiusque fide coniuncti, laudibus Iesum Christum prosequuntur, ac per ipsum Aeterno Patri grates agunt, ab eoque quovis die, quavis hora necessaria impetrant auxilia. Itaque quod Moyses quondam fecit, cum in montis vertice brachia ad caelum extollens cum Deo colloquebatur ab eoque pro populo suo, in subiecta valle aerumnis laborante, misericordiam efflagitabat, id per sacros administros quodam modo cotidie iteratur.
§40 The Divine Office, a means of Sanctification Moreover, the Divine Office is a most efficacious means of sanctification. Certainly it is not a mere recitation of formularies or of artistically executed chants; it is not just a question of respect for certain norms, called rubrics, or for external ceremonies of worship; it is above all a matter of elevating the mind and heart to God, in unison with the blessed spirits,(49)Cf. Litt. Enc Mediator Dei: A.A.S., XXXIX, 1947, p. 574. who eternally sing praises to God. Therefore, the canonical hours should be recited “worthily, attentively, and with devotion”, as we are reminded at the beginning of the Office. At horariae preces multum etiam multumque ad sanctitatem efficaciter assequendam conferunt; non enim agitur solummodo de formularum recitatione, vel de canticis, quae ex artis legibus rite pangantur; non agitur solummodo de peculiaribus observandis normis, quas rubricas vocant, vel de externis tantum divini cultus caerimoniis; sed potiore ratione agitur de ascensu mentis animique nostri ad Deum, ut cum beatis spiritibus, laudes eidem in aeternum concinentibus, copulemur (cfr. Litt. Enc. Mediator Dei: A. A. S. XXXIX, 1947, p. 574). Quamobrem horariae preces, ut in eartnn notatur initio, « digne, attente ac devote » recitandae sunt.
§41 Having the same intentions as Christ Consequently, the priest ought to pray with the same intention as the Redeemer. So that his voice is, as it were, the voice of the Lord who, by means of the priest, continues to implore from the most merciful Father the benefits of the Redemption; it is the very voice of the Lord with which are associated the armies of the angels and saints in heaven and of all the faithful on earth, to render due glory to God; it is the voice of Christ our Advocate, by which we receive the immense treasure of His merits. Opus est autem ut sacerdos has supplicationes fundat eadem illa mente, qua Divinus Redemptor precabatur. Est igitur quasi ipsa vox eius, quae per suum administrum a clementissimo Patre suo redemptionis beneficia implorat; est ipsa vox eius, cui Angelorum Sanctorumque agmina in Caelo, christianorumque multitudines in terra coniunguntur, ut debita Deo gloria referatur; Iesu Christi advocati nostri vox est, qua immensi suorum meritorum thesauri nobis impertiuntur.
§42 Meditate with care and attention on these fertile truths which the Holy Spirit has disclosed to us in the Sacred Scriptures and upon which the writings of the Fathers and Doctors are commentary explanations. As your lips repeat the words dictated by the Holy Spirit, try not to lose anything of this great treasure, and, that your souls may be responsive to the voice of God, put away from your minds with all effort and zeal whatever might distract you and recollect your thoughts, that you may thus more easily and with greater fruit attend to the contemplation of the eternal truths. Frugiferas illas veritates, quas Spiritus Sanctus per Sacrarum Litterarum sententias pandit, atque Patrum Doctorumque scripta commentantur, accurate diligenterque meditemini. Dum labia vestra, divina verba repetunt quae afflatu superni Flaminis tradita fuere, nihil tanti thesauri amittatis; utque animus vester Dei voci fideliter resonet, ea omnia, quae mentem vestram avocent, adsidue studioseque dispellite; atque intentas cogitationes vestras colligite, ut faciliore ac fructuosiore ratione aeternarum rerum contemplationi vacetis.
§43 The Liturgical Cycle In the Encyclical Mediator Dei, We have explained at great length why the Church, through the course of the liturgical year, recalls to mind and represents before our eyes, in orderly fashion, all the mysteries of Jesus Christ and bids us celebrate the feasts of the Virgin Mary and of the Saints. Those lessons, which We there imparted to all Christians because they are eminently useful for all, should be especially meditated upon by you priests; you, who through the Sacrifice of the Eucharist and the Divine Office, play such an important role in the development of the liturgical cycle. In Encyclicis Litteris Mediator Dei copiose satis enucleavimus qua de causa Ecclesia per annuum liturgiae cursum in memoriam revocet aptoque ordine veluti ante oculos repraesentet omnia Iesu Christi mysteria, diesque etiam festos celebrari iubeat Mariae Virginis sanctorumque Caelitum. Haec doctrinae praecepta, quae christianis universis, utpote omnibus utilissima, impertivimus, addecet omnino vos, sacerdotes, peculiari modo recolere; vos dicimus, qui per Eucharisticum sacrificium Divinumque Officium, quod dicitur, in hoc eodem liturgiae cursu praecipuas partes agitis.
§44 Spiritual Exercises In order that we may progress all the more speedily day by day along the road of sanctity, the Church heartily recommends to us, besides the celebration of Mass and the recitation of the Divine Office, also other exercises of piety. Regarding these, it is in place here to propose certain points for your consideration. Ecclesia praeterea, ut nos ad sanctimoniam alacrius cotidie assequendam compellat, alia etiam pietatis exercitia, praeter Eucharisticum sacrificium et horarias preces, enixe nobis commendat. De quibus quidem placet aliquid heic attingere vestraeque considerationi proponere.
§45 Meditation on Eternal Truths Above all else, the Church exhorts us to the practice of meditation, which raises the mind to the contemplation of heavenly things, which influences the heart with love of God and guides it on the straight path to Him. This meditation on sacred things offers the best means of preparation before and of thanksgiving after the celebration of the Eucharistic Sacrifice. Meditation also disposes the soul to savor and to comprehend the beauties of the liturgy, and leads us to the contemplation of the eternal verities, and of the marvelous examples and teachings of the Gospel. Imprimisque ad sacram meditationem nos adhortatur, quae mentem ad superna transvehit, et ad caelestium rerum cogitationem advocat, itemque animum nostrum, Dei desiderio inflammatum, recta ratione ad eum dirigit. Haec sacra meditatio aptissime nos praeparat ad Eucharisticum celebrandum sacrificium et ad debitas post illud grates agendas Deo; ad suavem nos inducit liturgiae pulchritudinem percipiendam gustandamque; itemque ad aeternas veritates et ad miranda Evangelii exempla ac praecepta contemplanda nos permovet.
§46 ...and on the mysteries of the Life of Jesus It behooves the sacred ministers, therefore, to strive to reproduce in themselves the examples of the Gospel and the virtues of the Divine Redeemer. However, just as the food of the body does not nourish, sustain or develop our life unless, after being digested and assimilated, it be changed into our own substance, so the priest cannot acquire dominion over himself and his senses, cannot purify his spirit, cannot strive for virtue as he should, cannot, in brief, fulfill faithfully, generously, or fruitfully the duties of his sacred ministry, unless his life becomes one with the life of the Lord through assiduous and unceasing meditation on the mysteries of the Divine Redeemer, the supreme model of perfection and the inexhaustible source of sanctity. Iamvero haec Evangelii exempla Divinique Redemptoris virtutes prorsus necesse est ut sacrorum administri diligentissime in se referant. Sed, quemadmodum corporis cibus vitam nostram non alit, non sustentat, non auget, nisi digestus ac confectus in nostram fuerit substantiam conversus, ita sacerdos, nisi meditando contemplandoque Divini Redemptoris mysteria — qui quidem summum atque absolutum perfectionis exemplar est ac sanctitudinis fons inexhaustus — eius vitam vivat, sui suorumque sensuum dominio potiri non potest, neque animum purificare suum, neque ad virtutem, ut oportet, contendere, nec rieninue sarra munera sua fideliter. actuose, frugifere obire.
§47 Serious Consequences of Omitting Meditation We therefore consider it Our grave duty to exhort you in a special manner to the practice of daily meditation, a practice recommended to all the clergy also by Canon Law.(50)Cf. can. 125, 2. For just as the desire for priestly perfection is nourished and strengthened by daily meditation, so its neglect is the source of distaste for spiritual things, through which piety is lessened and grows languid, and the impulse towards personal sanctification is not only weakened or ceases altogether, but the entire priestly ministry suffers great harm. It must therefore be stated without reservation that no other means has the unique efficacy of meditation, and that, as a consequence, its daily practice can in no wise be substituted for. Gravi igitur officio Nos teneri ducimus ad cotidianae meditationis usum vos peculiari modo cohortari; quem quidem usum Codex etiam Iuris Canonici clericis omnibus commendat (cfr. can. 125, 2). Quemadmodum enim ex cotidiana eiusmodi meditatione sacerdotalis perfectionis studium alitur ac refovetur, ita ex eius neglegentia illud oritur spiritualium rerum taedium, quo pietas defervescit ac languet, et quo non tantum suus cuiusque ad sanctitatem impulsus vel intermittitur. vel retardatur, sed sacri etiam ministerii opera haud levia capiunt detrimenta. Quamobrem iure meritoque asseverandum est peculiarem sacrae meditationis efficacitatem nulla posse alia ratione haberi, atque adeo cotidianus eius usus nullo alio modo substitui posse.
§48 Vocal Prayer and the Spirit of Prayer From mental prayer cannot be separated vocal prayer, and those other forms of private prayer which, according to each one’s peculiar needs, help in uniting the soul with God. Let this be remembered, however: more than a mere multiplicity of prayers, is to be valued piety and the true and ardent spirit of prayer. If ever before, in our days especially is this ardent spirit of prayer necessary, when the so-called “naturalism” has invaded men’s minds and hearts, and when virtue is exposed to every kind of danger, dangers which not infrequently meet one in the very exercise of one’s ministry. Is there anything which can more securely protect you against these snares, anything which can more surely elevate your souls to heavenly things and keep them united with God, than assiduous prayer and supplication for Divine help? A caelestium autem rerum commentatione contemplationeque supplicationes viva voce factae ne disiungantur; ceteraeque ne desint privatim precandi formae, quae apte, pro peculiari sua cuiusque condicione, ad fovendam animi cum Deo coniunctionem conferant. Illud tamen animadvertendum est: potius quam multiplicatas preces, pietatem valere ac verax et ardens supplicandi studium. Hoc enim ardens precandi studium hodie potissimum, si umquam alias, necessarium est, dum « naturalismus », qui dicitur, hominum mentes animosque incessit, et dum virtus periculis omne genus circumvenitur, quae quidem interdum sacrum etiam obeuntibus ministerium occurrunt. Quid enim melius efficere possit, ut ab hisce insidiis praecaveatis, quid aptius mentem vestram ad superna erigat, vosque cum Deo coniunctos vivere iubeat, quam constans ad eum admota oratio divinique supplicatio auxilii?
§49 Devotion to the Blessed Mother Inasmuch as priests can be called by a very special title, sons of the Virgin Mary, they will never cease to love her with an ardent piety, invoke her with perfect confidence, and frequently implore her strong protection. So that every day, as the Church herself recommends,(51)Cf. C.I.C., can. 125, 2. they will recite the holy rosary, which, by proposing for our meditation the mysteries of the Redeemer, leads us “to Jesus through Mary.” Cum autem sacerdotes peculiari titulo Mariae Virginis filii vocari queant, temperare sibi non poterunt quin eam incensissima pietate adament, fidenti eam animo invocent, validamque eius tutelam frequenter implorent. Cotidie igitur, quod Ecclesia ipsa commendat (cfr. C. I. C. can. 125, 2), mariale rosarium recitare studeant; qua quidem recitatione etiam Divini Redemptoris mysteria meditanda nobis proponuntur, nosque « ad Iesum per Mariam » ducimur.
§50 Daily Visit to the Blessed Sacrament Also, before closing his day’s work, the priest will betake himself to the Tabernacle, and spend at least a little time there to adore Jesus in the Sacrament of His love, to make reparation for the ingratitude of so many men, to enkindle in himself ever more the love of God, and to remain, in some sense, even during the time of repose at night, which recalls to our minds the silence of death, present in His Most Sacred Heart. Praeterea sacrorum administer, antequam cotidianos suos concludat labores, ad Eucharistica tabernacula adeat ibique aliquantisper saltem commoretur, ut Iesum in suo caritatis sacramento adoret, ut tot hominum ingratitudinem expiet, ut magis in dies divino amore ferveat, ut denique nocturnae etiam requietis tempore, quod mortis silentium in mentem revocat, aliquo modo praesens in sacratissimo eius Corde permaneat.
§51 Examination of Conscience and Frequent Confession Let him also not omit his daily examination of conscience which is undoubtedly the most efficacious means we have for taking account of the conduct of our spiritual life during the day, for removing the obstacles which hinder or retard one’s progress in virtue, and finally, for determining on the most suitable means to assure to our sacred ministry greater fruitfulness and to implore from the Heavenly Father indulgence upon so many of our deeds wretchedly done. Neque praetermittat suae conscientiae secreta cotidie perscrutari suique ipsius censuram gerere; quod procul dubio tantum valet simul ad spiritualis vitae rationem per elapsi diei spatium inquirendam, simul ad illa removenda obstacula, quae virtutis incrementa vel retardent, vel praepediant, simul denique ad ea omnia alacrius persequenda, quae sacerdotalia munera magis frugifera efficiant, et ad caelestis Patris, ob tot misere acta, misericordiam implorandam.
§52 This indulgence and the remission of our sins are given to us in a special manner in the Sacrament of Penance, the masterpiece of God’s goodness, by which our weakness is fortified. Let it never happen that the very minister of this Sacrament of reconciliation, himself does not use it. The Church, as you know, declares as follows in this respect: “Let The Ordinaries be vigilant to see that all their clergy frequently cleanse the stains of their conscience in the Sacrament of Penance”.(52)C.I.C., can. 125, 1. Though we are the ministers of Christ, we are, nevertheless, wretched and weak; how then can we ascend to the Altar and handle the Sacred Mysteries unless we make a frequent effort to expiate our sins and cleanse ourselves? By means of frequent Confession, “The right knowledge of one’s self is increased, Christian humility is developed, perverse moral habits are uprooted, negligence and spiritual torpor are resisted, the conscience is purified, the will is fortified, salutary self-control is obtained, and an increase of grace is secured by the very fact that the Sacrament is received”.(53)Litt. Enc. Mystici Corporis Christi: A.A.S., XXXV, 1943, p. 235. Quae quidem misericordia et admissorum venia per Paenitentiae Sacramentum nobis peculiari modo comeditur, quod praecipuum est divinae bonitatis opus, quo infirmitas nostra roboratur. Numquam contingat, dilecti filii, ut salutaris huius reconciliationis administer hoc Sacramento se abstineat. Hac de re, ut nostis, hoc Ecclesia edicit: « Curent locorum Ordinarii, ut clerici omnes Paenitentiae Sacramento frequenter conscientiae maculas eluant » (C. I. C. can. 125, 1). Quamvis enim Iesu Christi ministri, miseri tamen sumus; quomodo igitur possumus Dei aram ascendere ac sacra pertractare, nisi saepe nos expiare ac purificare studeamus? Hac enim ratione « recta sui ipsius cognitio augetur, christiana crescit humilitas, morum eradicatur pravitas, spirituali neglegentiae torpori obsistitur, conscientia purificatur, roboratur voluntas, salutaris animorum moderatio procuratur, atque ipsius sacramenti vi augetur gratia » (Litt. Enc. Mystici Corporis Christi: A.A.S. XXXV, 1943, P. 235).
§53 Spiritual Direction Still another recommendation, we feel, is in place here: that, in undertaking and advancing in the spiritual life, you do not trust too much to yourselves, but with docile simplicity seek and accept the help of someone who, with wise moderation, can guide your soul, point out to you the dangers, suggest suitable remedies, and in every internal and external difficulty can guide you in the right way towards an ever greater perfection, according to the example of the saints and the teachings of Christian asceticism. Without these prudent guides for one’s conscience, it is often very difficult to be duly responsive to the impulses of the Holy Spirit and of the grace of God. Quam ad rem opportunum etiam ducimus vos adhortari, dilecti filii, ut in spiritualis vitae itinere ingrediendo persequendoque ne nimis vobis confidatis, sed demisso docilique animo ab iis consilium suscipiatis petatisque auxilium, qui sapienti moderatione vos regere possint, qui adventantia pericula vobis praenuntiare queant, itemque consentanea vobis indicare remedia, et in difficultatibus omnibus ex internis externisve rebus oriundis, vos recta ratione ducere, vosque ad perfectionem illam, cotidie auctiorem dirigere, ad quam sanctorum Caelitum exempla probatique christianae asceseos magistri vos alliciant et advocent. Etenim sine prudentibus hisce conscientiae moderatoribus, plerumque difficillimum est supernis Sancti Spiritus impulsionibus divinaeque gratiae recto modo obsecundare.
§54 Retreats Finally, We wish to recommend heartily to all the practice of Retreats. When we seclude ourselves for some days from our accustomed occupations and habitual environment, and retire into solitude and silence, we are then more attentive to give ear to the voice of God, which consequently penetrates more deeply into our soul. Retreats, while they call us to a more holy fulfillment of the duties of our ministry, and to the contemplation of the Mysteries of the Redeemer, give new strength to our will, that we may “serve Him without fear, in holiness and justice before Him all our days”.(54)Luc., I, 74, 75. Cupimus demum Spiritualium omnibus commendare Exercitiorum usum. Cum enim nos per aliquot dierum spatium ex suetis rebus suetisque vivendi agendique rationibus segregamus, ac solitudinem silentiumque petimus, tum facilius profecto secundas damus aures divinis eloquiis, quae altius in animos descendunt nostros; dumque nos haec Exercitia ad officia sanctius exsequenda revocant et ad suavissima Iesu Christi mysteria contemplanda, voluntatem nostram ita confirmant, ut serviamus illi in sanctitate et iustitia omnibus diebus nostris » (Luc.1, 74, 75).
§56 The Redeemer’s Side was pierced on Mount Calvary and from it flowed His Precious Blood running like a torrent in flood through the centuries to cleanse men’s consciences, expiate their sins, impart to them the treasures of salvation. In Calvariae monte Divini Redemptoris fuit transverberatum latus, ex quo sacer eius cruor defluxit, qui veluti amnis per saeculorum cursum exundans, animos hominum eluit, eorum peccata expiat, eisdemque salutis thesauros impertit.
§57 The Priest as Dispenser of the Mysteries of God It is the priests who are destined to carry out this mystery so sublime. Not only do they procure and communicate Christ’s grace to the members of His Mystical Body, but they are also the organs whereby this Mystical Body develops because they must ever give the Church new sons, bring them up, educate them, and guide them. Priests are “the stewards of the mysteries of God”(55)I Cor., IV, 1.; therefore they must serve Jesus Christ with perfect charity and consecrate all their strength to the salvation of their brethren. They are the apostles of light; therefore they must illuminate the world with the teachings of the Gospel and be so strong in the Christian faith as to be able to communicate it to others, and follow the example and doctrine of the Divine Master in order to lead everyone to Him. They are the apostles of grace and pardon: therefore they must consecrate themselves entirely to the salvation of men and draw them to the altar of God in order that they may nourish themselves with the bread of eternal life. They are the apostles of charity: therefore they must promote works of charity, all the more urgent today when the needs of the indigent have grown enormously. Ad hoc autern celsissimum obeundum ministerium sacerdotes destinantur. Ipsi enim non modo Iesu Christi vitam et gratiam mystici eius Corporis membris conciliant, cum iisdemque communicant, sed etiam ad eiusdem mystici Corporis fovendum incrementum conferunt, cum novos continenter debeant Ecclesiae filios donare, eosque educere, excolere, moderari. Cum « dispensatores mysteriorum Dei » (1 Cor. 4, 1) sint, perfecta caritate debent Iesu Christo famulari suasque vires omnes in fratrum salutem impendere. Cum lucis apostoli sint, Evangelii doctrina collustrare mundum debent, christianaque fide ita ipsimet intus vigere, ut eam cum ceteris participare possint, ac Divini Magistri exemplis et praeceptis insistentes, ad eum omnes reducere queant. Gratiae ac veniae apostoli sunt, atque adeo hominum procurandae saluti se omnino devoveant, eosque ad Dei aram advocent, ubi caelestis vitae pane enutriri possint. Caritatis apostoli sunt; huius igitur caritatis opera atque incepta urgeant, cum praesertim nostris hisce temporibus indigentium necessitates in immensum succreverint.
§58 The priest must also strive to see that the faithful have a correct understanding of the doctrine of the “Communion of Saints,” and that they feel and live it. For this purpose let him zealously recommend those institutions known as the Liturgical Apostolate and the Apostleship of Prayer. In like manner, he must promote all those forms of the apostolate which today, on account of the special needs of the Christian people, are so very important and urgent. Let him, therefore, labor most diligently for the diffusion of instruction in the Catechism, the development and diffusion of Catholic Action and Missionary Action, and, with the assistance of well prepared and trained laymen, let him increase those projects of the social apostolate which are demanded by our time. Curet praeterea sacerdos ut christifideles doctrinam de « Sanctorum Communione » recte intellegant, sentiant, experiantur: impenseque eam per instituta illa promoveant, quae ab « Apostolatu liturgico » et a « precationis Apostolatu » nuncupantur. Parique modo ceterae omnes apostolatus formae rationesque provehantur, quae hodie, ob peculiares christiani populi necessitates, tanti momenti sunt tantaeque gravitatis. In id nempe diligentissime contendatur, ut sacra catechesis omnibus impertiatur, ut « Actio Catholica » ac « Missionalium Actio » quam latissime propagentur et foveantur; itemque ut ea omnia per laicos viros apte instructos ac conformatos cotidie maiora incrementa capiant, quae ad rem socialem recte ordinandam pertineant, quemadmodum nostra postulat aetas.
§59 Union with Christ in Apostolic Work But the priest must remember that the closer he is united to Christ and guided in his activities by the spirit of Christ, the more fruitful his ministry will be. Thus, his priestly work will not be reduced to a purely natural activity which tires the body and mind and draws the priest himself away from the right path with no little detriment both to himself and to the Church. But his work and his labor will be fruitful and corroborated by those gifts of grace that God denies to the proud but concedes generously to those working humbly in “the Vineyard of the Lord,” not seeking themselves and their own interests(56)Cf. I Cor., X, 33. but the glory of God and the salvation of souls. Hence, faithful to the teachings of the Gospel, let him not trust in himself, as we have said, and in his own strength but let him place his faith in the help of the Lord. “So then neither he who plants is anything, nor he who waters, but God Who gives the growth”.(57)I Cor., III, 7. 59. When the apostolate is directed and inspired in this manner, it is impossible that the priest should not attract the souls of everyone to himself with an almost divine strength. By his reproducing in his habits and his life a living image of Christ, all those who turn to him as a master will recognize, thanks to some inward conviction, that words he speaks are not his but God’s and that he does not act of his own accord but by the virtue of God: “If anyone speaks, let it be as with words of God. If anyone ministers, let it be as from the strength that God furnishes…”(58)I Petr., IV, 11. In striving towards holiness and in exercising his ministry with the greatest diligence, the priest must spend himself to represent Christ so perfectly as, in all modesty, to be able to repeat the words of the Apostle of the Gentiles, “Be imitators of me, as I am of Christ”.(59)I Cor., IV, 16. Animadvertat tamen sacerdos gravissimum sibi creditum ministerium eo fructuosius fore, quo arctius ipse cum Christo coniunctus, eiusque spiritu ductus operetur. Tum enim sacerdotalis eius actio non in naturalem tantum operositatem desinet, quae corpus animumque fatiget, et quae sacrum administrum, haud mediocri cum sui ipsius Ecclesiaeque detrimento, ex recto possit itinere abstrahere; at eius labor eiusque constantes nisus divinae gratiae ope corroborabuntur, quam quidem si Deus superbis denegat, iis tamen, qui demisso animo in « vinea Domini » operantes, non se suaque quaerunt (cfr. 1 Cor. 10, 33), sed Dei gloriam hominumque salutem, large libenterque concedit. Quamobrem Evangelii praeceptis obsecutus, ne sibi, ut iam diximus, suisque viribus confidat, sed superno potius auxilio, secundum illud « Neque qui plantat, est aliquid, neque qui rigat, sed, qui incrementum dat Deus » (1 Cor. 3, 7). Per apostolatum hac conformatum ratione id non evenire non potest, ut sacerdos nempe superna quadam vi omnium animos vehementer ad se alliciat. Cum enim in se in suosque mores vivam quasi referat Iesu Christi imaginem, omnes, qui eo magistro utantur, intima Quadam suasione compulsi, facile agnoscent eum non sua, sed Dei verba loqui, itemque non sua, sed divina virtute operari: « Si quis loquitur, quasi sermones Dei; si quis ministrat, tamquam ex virtute, quam administrat Deus » (1 Petr. 4, 1). Quin immo, dum ipse ad sanctitatem nititur, suumque munus summa perfectione exercet, tam studiose debet Iesu Christi partes personamque agere, ut verecunde queat Apostoli gentium iterare sententiam «Imitatores mei estote, sicut et ego Christi » (1 Cor. 4, 16).
§60 The Heresy of Action For these reasons, while giving due praise to those who in the years which have followed the long and terrible war, urged by the love of God and of doing good to their neighbor under the guidance and following the example of their Bishops, have consecrated their entire strength to the relief of so much misery, We cannot abstain from expressing our pre-occupation and our anxiety for those who on account of the special circumstances of the moment have become so engulfed in the vortex of external activity that they neglect the chief duty of the priest, his own sanctification. We have already stated publicly in writing(60)Cf. A.A.S., XXXVI, 1944, p. 239; Epist. Cum Proxime exeat. that those who presume that the world can be saved by what has been rightly called “the heresy of action” must be made to exercise better judgment. The heresy of action is that activity which is not based upon the help of grace and does not make constant use of the means necessary to the pursuit of sanctity given us by Christ. In the same way, nevertheless, We have deemed it timely to stimulate to the activities of the ministry those who, shut up in themselves and almost diffident of the efficacy of divine aid, do not labor to the best of their ability to make the spirit of Christianity penetrate daily life in all those ways demanded by our times.(61)Cf. Orat. die XII mesis sept. a. MCMXXXXVII habitam. Hisce de causis, dum debitis eos honestamus laudibus, qui Dei amore proximorumqrue caritate ducti per hos annos, qui immane diuturnumque bellum subsecuti sunt, totis viribus in id incubuere ut, Episcopis praeeuntibus ac ducibus, tot rerum animorumque miserias relevarent, abstinere non possumus quin sollicitudinem anxitudinemque Nostram iis significemus, qui ob peculiaria rerum temporumque adiuncta in externarum actionum vorticem nimio saepius ita se ingurgitarunt, ut primum neglegerent sacerdotum officium, hoc est, officium suae ipsius procurandae sanctitatis. Publice iam ediximus (cfr. A. A. S. XXXVI, 1944, p. 239; Epist. Cum proxime exeat) ad rectius iter eos esse revocandos, qui temere autument salutem hominibus afferri posse per eam, quae « actionis haeresis » iure meritoque nominatur; per actionem dicimus, quae divinae gratiae ope non innitatur, neque ea constanter adhibeat necessaria assequendae sanctitudinis adiumenta quae a Iesu Christo fuere data. At pari modo opportunum duximus eos ad sacri ministerii opera impellere, qui animum ab externis rebus nimis abalienatum gerant, ac quasi superni auxilii potentia diffidentes, in id non satis contendant, pro facultate cuiusque sua, ut christiani spiritus virtus in vitae usum omnibus illis agendi rationibus inducatur, quas nostra tempora postulent (cfr. Orat. die 12 mensis sept. a. 1947 habitam).
§61 Complete Consecration to the Salvation of Souls We earnestly exhort you, therefore, to labor with all solicitude for the salvation of those whom Providence has entrusted to your care, closely united to the Redeemer with whose strength we can do all things.(62)Cf. Phillipp., IV, 13. How ardently We desire, O beloved sons, that you emulate those saints who in past times, by their great deeds, have shown what the might of Divine Grace can do in this world. May you one and all, in humility and sincerity, always be able to attribute to yourselves — with your spiritual charges as witnesses — the words of the Apostle, “But I will most gladly for my part, spend and be spent myself for your souls”.(63)II Cor., XII, 15. Enlighten the minds, guide the consciences, comfort and sustain the souls who are struggling with doubt and groaning with sorrow. To these forms of apostolate, add also all those others which the needs of the times demand. But let it always be clear to everybody that the priest in all his activities seeks nothing beyond the good of souls, and looks toward no one but Christ to Whom he consecrates his energies and his whole self. Vos igitur omnes enixe adhortamur ut arctissime cum Divino Redemptore coniuncti, cuius virtute omnia possumus (cfr. Phil. 4, 13), impensa sollicitudine adlaboretis, ut eorum pro viribus aeternam procuretis salutem, quos Providentissimus Deus apostolicis concredidit laboribus vestris. Quam vehementer cupimus, dilecti filii, ut sanctissimorum sitis illorum virorum aemulatores, qui elapsa aetate immensis exantlatis laboribus praeclare testati sunt quid possit hoc in mundo operari divinae gratiae potentia. Utinam illam Apostoli gentium sententiam sibi unusquisque vestrum, christifidelibus testantibus, sincere demisseque tribuere possit: « Ego autem libentissime impendam, et superimpendar ipse pro animabus vestris » (2 Cor. 12, 15). Mentes superna luce collustrate; conscientias recto itinere dirigite; atque animos, vel dubitatione aestuantes, vel dolore excruciatos, confirmate ac reficite. Hisce autem praecipuis apostolatus operibus alia etiam adicite, quorum necessitatem hodierna tempora clamant. Omnibus tamen manifestum pateat sacerdotem quavis sua agendi ratione nihil aliud quaerere, nisi animorum bonum, ad nihil aliud spectare, nisi ad Christum, cui suas vires ac semet ipsum consecrare debet.
§62 Following the Example of the Redeemer In the same way that, in order to urge you to personal sanctification, We have exhorted you to reproduce in yourselves the living image of Christ, so now for the sanctifying efficacy of your ministry We excite you to follow constantly the example of the Divine Redeemer. Full of the Holy Ghost, He “went about doing good and healing all who were in the power of the devil; for God was with Him”.(64)Acta Ap., X, 38. Strengthened by the same Spirit and encouraged by His Strength, you will be able to exercise a ministry which, nourished and enkindled by Christian charity, will be rich in Divine virtue and capable of communicating this virtue to others. Quemadmodum vero, cum vos ad vestram adipiscendam sanctimoniam admonuimus, vos adhortati sumus ut vivam Christi imaginem in vestros mores referatis, ita in praesens ad sacerdotalis muneris vestri sanctitatem atque efficientiam procurandam provehendamque vos etiam atque etiam appellamus, ut Divini Redemptoris vestigiis continenter insistere studeatis; qui quidem, Spiritu Sancto plenus, « pertransiit benefaciendo, et sanando omnes oppressos a diabolo, quoniam Deus erat cum illo » (Act. 10, 38). Eodem vos Spiritu roborati, eiusque fortitudine impulsi, tale vos procul dubio expleturi eritis ministerium, quod, christiana alitum atque inflammatum caritate, et superna virtute polleat, et ad eamdem virtutem cum ceteris communicandam contendat.
May your apostolic zeal be animated by that divine charity which bears everything with peace of mind, which does not let itself be overcome by adversity, and which embraces all, rich and poor, friends and enemies, faithful and unfaithful. This daily effort and these daily hardships are demanded of you by souls for whose salvation Our Saviour patiently suffered grief and torment unto death in order to restore us to the Divine Friendship. This is, and well you know it, the greatest good of all. Do not allow yourselves, therefore, to be carried away by the immoderate desire for success, do not allow yourselves to be dismayed if, after assiduous labor, you do not gather the desired fruits. “One sows, another reaps”.(65)Ioann., IV, 37. Apostolicum studium vestrum divino illo amore flagret, quo onmia aequo animo toleretis, quo rebus non debilitemini adversis, et quo omnes amplectamini homines, tenuiores, vel rerum amplitudine praestantes, amicos, vel inimicos; fideles, vel infideles. Cotidianum eiusmodi laborem cotidianasque aegritudines a vobis poscit animorum salus, pro qua Servator noster dolores angoresque suos eo usque patientissime tulit, ut ad supremos cruciatus et ad mortem perveniret, quibus quidem nos voluit in divinam amicitiam restituere. Hoc unum, ut nostis, summum omnium bonorum est. Ne nimia igitur cupiditate exoptetis ut felix habeatur rerum successus; parique modo, si impense licet adlaborando, optatos tamen non poteritis consequi fructus, ne concidatis animo; etenim « alius est qui seminat, et alius est qui metit » (Io. 4, 37).
§63 Charity in Apostolic Work Furthermore, let your apostolic zeal shine with benign charity. If it be necessary — and it is everyone’s duty — to fight error and repel vice, the soul of the priest must be ever open to compassion. Error must be fought with all our might, but the brother who errs must be loved intensely and brought to salvation. How much good have the saints not done, how many admirable deeds have they not performed by their kindness even in circumstances and in environments penetrated by lies and degraded by vice? Of a truth, he who to please men would gloss over their evil inclinations or be indulgent about their incorrect ways of thinking or acting, thereby prejudicing Christian teaching and integrity of morals, would be betraying his ministry. But when the teachings of the Gospel are preserved and those who stray are moved by the sincere desire to return to the right path, the priest must remember the reply of Our Lord to St. Peter when he asks Him how many times he must forgive his neighbor. “I do not say to thee seven times, but seventy times seven”.(66)Matth., XVIII, 22. Hoc praeterea apostolicum studium vestrum summa benignitate niteat; quandoquidem, si necessarium omnino est errores refellere ac vitiis repugnare — ad quod quidem faciendum officio tenemur omnes — semper tamen sacerdotis animus miseratione moveatur necesse est; oportet siquidem omni nisu profligare errores, sed errantes fratres adamare eosque impensa caritate revocare ad salutem. Quot bene facta, quot miranda opera viri sanctitudine ornati patrare potuere ob suam etiam animi benignitatem; idque in rerum quoque adiunctis hominumque classibus, ubi omnia fere fallaciis ac vitiis circumveniebantur! At procul dubio ille suo officio deesset, qui ut hominibus gratificaretur, pravis blandiretur eorum voluntatibus, vel minus rectis eorum cogitandi agendique rationibus non sine thristianae doctrinae morumque probitatis discrimine obsecundaret. Cum tamen Evangelii praecepta sarta tectaque servantur, cum qui misere lapsi sunt, sincero desiderio moventur ad frugem redeundi bonam, tum illius sententiae reminiscatur sacerdos, quam Divinus Magister Apostolorum Principi tradidit, qui ab eo percontabatur quotiens fratribus venia concedenda foret: « Non dico tibi usque septies, sed usque septuagies septies » (Matth. 18, 22).
§64 Disinterestedness The object of your zeal must not be earthly and transient things but things eternal. The resolution of priests aspiring to holiness must be this: to labor solely for the glory of God and the salvation of souls. How many priests, even in the straitened circumstances of our time, have taken the example and the warnings of the Apostle of the Gentiles as a rule of conduct! The Apostle of the Gentiles, content with the indispensable minimum, declared: “. . . but having food and sufficient clothing, with these let us be content”.(67)I Tim., VI, 8. Vestra eiusmodi navitas non ad fluxa et caduca, sed ad aeterna potissimum spectare debet. Praecipuum hoc esto sacrorum administrorum propositum, qui ad sanctitatem, ut debent, contendere velint : pro divina tantum gloria animorumque salute laborare. Quot sacerdotes, in gravibus nostrorum temporum rerumque angustiis Apostoli gentium exempla ac monita prae oculis habuere, qui quidem parvo contentus et quae omnino necessaria essent solummodo quaerens asseverabat: « Habentes alimenta, et quibus tegamur, his contenti simus » (Tim. 6, 8).
§65 Through this disinterestedness and this detachment from earthly things worthy of the highest praise, in conjunction with trust in Divine Providence, the priestly ministry has given the Church ripe fruits of spiritual and social good. Ex hac temperata terrenarum rerum abstinentia, quae cum Divinae Providentiae fiducia coniungitur, et quae summae laudis praeconio digna Nobis videtur, sacerdotale ministerium uberes profecto in spiritualem et in socialem etiam Ecclesiae utilitatem edidit fructus.
§66 Increasing Knowledge and Zeal Finally, this industrious zeal must be illuminated by the light of wisdom and discipline and inflamed by the fire of charity. Whoever sets before himself his own sanctification and that of other people must be equipped with solid learning that comprises not only theology but also the results of modern science and discovery so that, like a good father, he may draw “from his storeroom things new and old”(68)Cf. Matth., XIII, 52. and make his ministry always more appreciated and fruitful. In the first place, let your activities be inspired by and remain faithful to the prescriptions of this Apostolic See and the directives of the Bishops. May it never happen, beloved sons, that those new forms and methods of the apostolate, so opportune today especially in regions where the clergy is not sufficiently numerous, remain dead or, through poor direction, not correspond to the needs of the faithful. Haec impensa denique operositas vestra sapientiae ac disciplinae luce collustretur, caritatis ardore foveatur. Qui reapse ad propriam proximorumque sanctimoniam nititur, solidam callere debet doctrinam, quae non modo ad theologica studia quod attinet, sed ad ea etiam omnia, quae ex rebus pervestigandis excolendisque nostra peperit aetas, pertineat oportet; atque hisce animi ornamentis praeditus sacrorum adrninister, sicut optimus pater familias proferre « de thesauro suo nova et vetera » (cfr. Matth. 13, 52) poterit, ita quidem ut ministerium suum et ab omnibus valde aestimetur, et frugiferum evadat. Imprimis autem ministerium hoc vestrum huius Apostolicae Sedis praescriptis ac datis ab Episcopis normis fideliter conformetur. Numquam eveniat, dilecti filii, ut novae illae apostolatus formae rationesque, quae hodie tam opportunae sunt, iis praesertim in regionibus, ubi clerus impar est numero, vel in inertia iaceant, vel, cum non sint recto ordine instructae, christiani populi necessitatibus non respondeant.
§67 May your zeal increase every day, therefore, sustain the Church of God, be an example to the faithful, and constitute a powerful bulwark against which the assaults of the enemies of God may be broken. Operosum igitur eiusmodi studium vestrum cotidie magis augeatur, Ecclesiam Dei roboret, christifidelibus in exemplum praeluceat, atque ingentia propugnacula excitet, ad quae quidem Dei hostium incursus misere confringantur.
§68 Satisfaction with Spiritual Directors We desire likewise, in this paternal exhortation of Ours, to give special mention to those priests who, in humility and burning charity, labor prudently for the sanctification of their brother-priests as counselors, confessors, or spiritual directors. The incalculable good they render the Church remains hidden for the greater part, but it will one day be revealed in the glory of God’s kingdom. Cupimus etiam ut paterna haec adhortatio Nostra peculiari modo sacerdotes illos attingat, qui demisso quidem animo, sed incensa caritate, in ceterorum sacerdotum sanctitudinem procurandam augendamque sollerter incumbant, sive eorum consiliarios agant, sive eorum conscientiae moderatores vel Paenitentiae Sacramenti administros. Quod hi in Ecclesiae inaestimabile bonum conferunt, plerumque, dum vivunt, silentio obtegitur; at in divini Regni gloria aliquando luculentissime manifestabitur.
§69 The Example of St. Giuseppe Cafasso Not many years ago, with great satisfaction, We decreed the honors of the altar to the Turinese priest, Giuseppe Cafasso who, as you know, in a most difficult period, was the wise and holy spiritual guide of not a few priests whom he helped to progress in virtue and whose sacred ministry he rendered particularly fruitful. We are fully confident that, through his powerful patronage, our Divine Redeemer will raise up many priests of like sanctity who will bring themselves and their brethren in the ministry to such a height of perfection in their lives that the faithful, admiring their example, will feel themselves moved spontaneously to imitate it. Nos quidem, qui non multos ante annos magno cum animi solacio summos decrevimus Sanctorum Caelitum honores Taurinensi sacerdoti Iosepho Cafasso — qui, ut nostis, temporibus difficillimis, sacrorum administris non paucis tam sapienter, tam sancte moderatus est, ut eorum non modo virtutem proveheret, sed eorum etiam sacerdotale munus salutiferum admodum redderet — fore omnino confidimus, ut ob eius etiam patrocinium validissimum Divinus Redemptor noster multos concedat paris sanctitatis sacerdotes, qui semet ipsos suosque in sacro ministerio collegas ad tam excelsam vitae perfectionem dirigant, ut christifideles omnes praeclara eorum intuentes exempla, ad ea ultro libenterque sequenda permoveantur.
§70 Up to the present we have set forth the chief truths and the basic principles on which the Catholic priesthood and the exercise of its ministry are founded. In daily practice, all holy priests conform diligently to these truths and principles while all those who, alas, have deserted or renounced the priesthood have violated the obligations contracted by sacred ordination. Hucusque praecipuas veritates ac praecipua scribendo proposuimus praecepta, quibus Catholicae Ecclesiae sacerdotium eiusque explenda munera innituntur. Hisce profecto veritatibus ac normis qui sacerdotes sunt sanctitate exornati, ii procul dubio per cotidianam cuiusque suam agendi rationem, diligenter obsequuntur; dum contra, proh dolor, desertores ac transfugae a susceptis per sacram ordinationem officiis misere recesserunt.
§71 New Methods for New Times Now, however, in order that this Our paternal exhortation may be more efficacious, We deem it opportune to indicate in greater detail some of the things which refer to the practice of daily life. This is all the more necessary because in modern life there are a number of situations and problems presented in a new way demanding more diligent examination and more attention. It is Our intention, therefore, to exhort all priests, especially Bishops, to expend all their solicitude in promoting all that is necessary in our times and in bringing all those who withdraw from the right path back to truth, goodness, and virtue. In praesens vero, ut paterna haec adhortatio Nostra efficacior evadat, opportunum ducimus nonnulla, quae ad hodiernae vitae usum peculiari modo pertineant, satius enucleare. Idque eo vel magis quod nostra hac aetate novae interdum rerum condiciones habentur novaeque disceptationis causae, quae diligentiores a Nobis requirunt animadversiones diligentioresque curas. Cupimus igitur clerum universum, imprimisque sacrorum Antistites paterno adhortari animo ut ad ea omnia provehenda, quae nostris hisce temporibus necessaria videantur, toto pectore incumbant: quae autem recto itinere devia vel prorsus depravata habeantur, ea ad veritatem, ad probitatem, ad virtutem reducant.
§72 FORMATION OF THE CLERGY: Secular and Religious Priests United for the Good of the Church As you well know, after the long and varied upheavals of the recent war, the number of priests both in Catholic countries and in the missions has often fallen behind the ever-growing needs. For this reason, We exhort all priests, both those of the diocesan clergy and those belonging to religious orders or congregations, to go forward, bound close together with bonds of fraternal charity, in union of strength and will, toward the common goal: the good of the Church, personal sanctification, and the sanctification of the faithful. All, even Religious who live apart from the world and in silence, can contribute to the efficacy of the priestly apostolate with prayer, sacrifice and also with ready and generous action, in so far as they can. Ut probe nostis, post diuturnas ac varias recentis belli vicissitudines, sacerdotum numerus cum in catholicorum regionibus, tum in missionalium terris, impar plerumque increscentibus necessitatibus est. Quamobrem sacerdotes universos adhortamur, sive qui in saeculo vivunt, sive qui in religiosos Ordines vel in religiosas Congregationes adsciti sunt, ut coniunctis voluntatibus coniunctisque fraterno animo viribus ad communem metam alacriter procedant, hoc est, ad Ecclesiae bonum et ad suam proximorumque assequendam sanctitatem. Omnes utique, etiam qui umbratilem in recessu et in silentio vitam traducunt, ad sacerdotalis ministerii efficacitatem, precando seseque devovendo, conferre queunt; qui tamen actione etiam possunt, id libenter, id alacriter faciant.
§73 Recruiting New Laborers But it is also necessary to recruit new workers. with the help of divine grace. Therefore, We draw the attention especially of the Ordinaries and of those engaged in any way in the care of souls to this most important question which is intimately connected with the future of the Church. It is true that the Society founded by Christ will never lack the priests necessary for its mission. Nevertheless, it is necessary for all to be watchful and to exert themselves, mindful of the words of Our Lord, “the harvest indeed is abundant but the laborers are few”,(69)Luc., X, 2. and to be as diligent as possible in giving the Church numerous and holy ministers. Prayer for Vocations §74 Our Lord Himself shows us the surest way of having numerous vocations, “Pray therefore the Lord of the harvest to send forth laborers into his harvest”:(70)Luc., X, 2. humble prayer trusting in God. At alios quoque necessarium est, divina adspirante gratia, advocare collegas ac laboris socios. Hac de re Nos sacrorum praesertim Antistites paterno admonemus animo, itemque ceteros omnes, qui christiani gregis quovis modo curam gerunt, ut gravissimam huiusmodi causam agant ac provehant, cui quidem futurus Ecclesiae status coniungitur quam maxime. Societati a Christo conditae procul dubio necessarii sacerdotes numquam deerunt; vigilemus tamen oportet ac laboremus omnes, illius sententiae memores: « Messis quidem multa, operarii autem pauci » (Luc. 10, 2) ac omni nisu contendamus ut quam plurimi habeantur et quam sanctissimi Dei administri. Divinus ipse Redemptor nobis indicat quo aptiore modo frequentes suscitari queant sacerdotii candidati: « Rogate... Dominum messis, ut mittat operarios in messem suam » (Ibidem). Humilibus nempe ac fidentibus ad Deum admotis precibus id impetrare debemus.
§75 Creating Great Esteem for the Priesthood But it is also necessary that the souls of those called by God be prepared for the impulse and the invisible action of the Holy Ghost. The contribution that Christian parents, pastors, confessors, superiors of seminaries, all priests, and all the faithful who have the needs and the growth of the Church at heart can give is precious to this end. Let the ministers of God seek not only by preaching and catechetical instruction but also in private conversations to dissipate the prejudices now so widespread against the priestly state by showing its lofty dignity, its beauty, its necessity and its great merit. Every Christian mother and father, whatever their social status, must pray to God to make them worthy to have at least one of their children called to His service. Finally, all Christians must deem it their duty to encourage and aid those who feel called to the priesthood. At necesse quoque est ad invisibilem superni Flaminis impulsionem actionemque eorum praeparentur animi, qui ad ingrediendum sacerdotium divinitus vocentur; ad quod quidem efficiendum cum christiani parentes, sacri pastores, Paenitentiae Sacramenti administri ac Seminariorum moderatores multum profecto conferre possunt, tum universi etiam sacerdotes ac christifideles, quibus Ecclesiae incrementa provehere eiusque occurrere necessitatibus cordi sit. Dei administri non modo sacris concionibus ac catecheseos institutionibus ad populum habitis, sed privatis etiam opportune intersertis sermonibus, sedulo curent ut illae refellantur praeiudicatae ac fallaces opiniones, quae hodie adversus sacerdotium tam late proferuntur; atque etiam eius excelsam dignitatem, pulchritudinem, utilitatem et eximia promerita in sua luce ponant. Patres vero matresque familias cuiusvis ordinis impensas ad Caelum admoveant preces, ut digni habeantur qui unum saltem e prole sua divino servitio mancipare queant. Omnes denique, qui christiano censentur nomine, officio sibi ducant eos fovere omnique ope iuvare, qui se ad sacra vocatos sentiant.
§76 ...Especially by Holiness of Life The choice of candidates for the priesthood recommended by Canon Law(71)Cf. can. 1353. to pastors of souls must be the particular task of all priests, who have not only to render humble and generous thanks to God for the inestimable gift they have received but in like manner must hold nothing dearer or more pleasing than to find and prepare a successor for themselves among those young men whom they know to be equipped with the necessary qualifications. To succeed more efficaciously in this, every priest must make an effort to be and to show himself an example of the priestly life which for the young men whom he approaches and among whom he looks for signs of the divine call can constitute an ideal for imitation. Sacerdotii candidatorum instituere ac fovere dilectum quod Codex Iuris Canonici (cfr. can. 1353) animorum pastoribus concredit eisdemque valde commendat, omnibus etiam sacrorum administris peculiari curae esse debet; qui quidem, non modo aeterno Numini demisse generoseque grates agant ob inaestimabile acceptum beneficium, sed nihil antiquius, nihil optatius habeant, quam sibi aliquem deligere omnique ope iuvare successorem, quem illis perspexerint dotibus ornatum ad tantum opus necessariis. Utque id efficacius assequi possint, adulescentibus praesertim, quibus familiariter utantur, et in quibus divinae vocationis indicia animadverterint, optima exempla praebeant, quae imitentur.
§77 Careful and Prudent Selection This wise and prudent selection must go on always and in all places not only among the young men who are already in the seminary but also among those who are studying elsewhere, and particularly among those who partake in the various activities of the Catholic apostolate. These last, even though they enter the priesthood at a later age, are often equipped with greater and more solid virtues because they have already been tried and have strengthened their souls by contact with the difficulties of life and have already collaborated in a field which is also the realm of priestly activity. Prudens ac sapiens huiusmodi candidatorum dilectus semper et ubique instituatur; non igitur inter iuvenes habeatur solummodo, qui iam in Seminario vitam agant, sed inter eos etiam qui in quibusvis litterarum ludis ac scholis disciplinarum studiis dent operam, atque inter eos potissimum, qui in variis apostolatus formis atque inceptis adiutricem suam navitatem praestent. Hi siquidem, etsi sero sacerdotium ingrediuntur, cum tamen iam graves eluctati fuerint difficultates, et in agitatione vitae animum firmaverint suum, cumque iam in operibus elaboraverint, quae cum sacerdotali munere arcte coniunguntur, maioribus non raro enitent solidioribusque virtutibus.
§78 Investigation of Aspirants But it is always necessary to investigate individual aspirants to the priesthood with diligence, to ascertain the intentions and the reasons with which they have taken this resolution. Particularly, when it is a question of boys, it is necessary to find out if they are furnished with the necessary moral and physical qualifications and whether they aspire to the priesthood solely for its dignity and the spiritual profit of themselves and other people. Semper tamen necessarium est in singulos sacerdotii candidatos diligentissime introspicere, ac praesertim exquirere qua mente, quibus de causis eiusmodi inierint consilium. Ac peculiari modo, cum de pueris agitur, attente considerare oportet utrum necessariis animi corporisque dotibus iidem praediti sint, et utrum ad sacra suscipienda munera adspirent ob eorum tantum nobilitatem ac spiritualem suam ceterorumque utilitatem.
§79 The Physical Qualifications of Candidates You know well, venerable brethren, what are the conditions of mental and moral fitness the Church requires in young men who aspire to the priesthood. We deem it superfluous to detain you with this subject. On the other hand, We rather deem it useful to exhort you to examine with your acknowledged prudence and with care whether those who wish to receive Orders are physically fit, all the more so because the recent war has not infrequently left deadly traces on the rising generation and has disturbed them in many ways. For this reason, these candidates should be carefully examined and, where necessary, the judgment of a good physician should be sought. Vos profecto, Venerabiles Fratres, probe nostis quae sint mentis animique ornamenta, quibus, ad eiusmodi causam quod attinet, Ecclesia postulat ut sacrorum alumni praestent; supervacaneum igitur esse ducimus hisce exponendis rebus rationibusque immorari. Opportunum potius putamus vos adhortari, ut ea, qua enitetis, prudentia sedulo exquiratis, utrum, qui sacros suscipere ordines velint, physice etiam idonei sint; idque eo vel magis quod recens bellum succrescentem praesertim subolem funeste non raro affecit pluribusque modis perturbavit. Hi igitur candidati accurate hac de causa inspiciantur, adhibito etiam, si oportet, probati medici iudicio.
§80 With this choice of vocations made with zeal and prudence, We trust that there will arise on all sides a numerous and select force of candidates for the priesthood. Hoc sapienti prudentique dilectu fore confidimus, ut ubique conferta habeantur lectissimaque sacrorum alumnorum agmina.
§81 THE CARE OF VOCATIONS: A Serious Duty But if many pastors are preoccupied about the decrease of vocations, they are no less disturbed when it is a question of handling the young men who have already entered the seminary. We are aware, venerable brethren, how arduous this labor is and how many great difficulties it presents. But the carrying out of so serious a duty will give you the greatest consolation insofar as, as Our predecessor Leo XIII said: “From the cares and solicitude imposed by the training of priests, you will have results most ardently to be desired and you will experience that your episcopal office will be easier in its exercise and much more fruitful in its results”.(72)Litt. Enc. Quod Multum, ad Episcopos Hungarieae, dei 22 mensis Augusti a. 1886: Acta Leonis, vol VI, p. 158. Quodsi plures sacri Pastores in gravi sunt sollicitudine, quod rariores cotidie adulescentes exsistant, qui sacerdotalia munera affectent, non minore tamen iidem sollicitudine afficiuntur de iuvenum institutione, qui in sacra iam fuerint Seminaria assumpti. Non nescimus profecto, Venerabiles Fratres, quam arduum id opus sit, quotque quantisque implicetur ad perficiendum difficultatibus; sed ex necessario hoc adhibito officio maximum reportabitis solacium, quandoquidem, ut Decessor Noster Leo XIII monet, « ex industria diligentiaque in instituendis sacerdotibus posita, fructus percipietis summopere optabiles, munusque vestrum episcopale multo sentietis esse ad gerendum facilius, ad utilitatem uberius » (Litt. Enc. Quod multum ad Episcopos Hungariae, die 22 mensis Augusti a. 1886: Acta Leonis, vol. VI, p. 158).
§82 We deem it opportune, therefore, to give you some rules suggested by the necessity, greater today than ever, of training holy priests. Quamobrem a Nobis opportune factum censemus, si documenta vobis statuerimus, quae necessitate imperantur, hodie maiore quam cum maxima, sanctos educandi sacerdotes.
§83 A Healthy and Calm Environment In the first place, it is necessary to remember that pupils in minor seminaries are adolescents separated from the natural environment of their home. It is necessary, therefore, that the life the boys lead in the seminaries correspond as far as possible to the normal life of boys. Great importance will be given to spiritual life, but in a manner suited to their capacity and their degree of development. Everything must be carried out in a healthy and calm atmosphere. Nevertheless, even here it must be observed that “the just measure is moderation” in order that it may not happen that those who have to be trained to sacrifice and the evangelical virtues “live in sumptuous houses with attendance paid to their taste and comfort”.(73)Cf. Allocut. d. 25 Novembris a. 1948 habitam: A.A.S., SL, 1948, p. 552. Animadvertendum primo loco est Seminariorum alumnos, qui primis disciplinis instituantur, nonnisi adulescentulos esse a nativo suae domus humo separatos. Res igitur ipsa postulat ut, quam pueri in Seminariis vitam ducant, cum communi omnium puerorum vita, quantum potest, congruat; magni tamen hinc eorum religiosa conformatione existimata, hinc naturalibus eorum facultatibus spectatis ingeniique propensionibus: quae omnia in spatiosis et capacibus locis excurrant oportet ad salubritatem et ad tranquillitatem idoneis. Attamen hac etiam in re « aeque mensura ac temperatio » serventur; ita quidem ut numquam eveniat ut « in sumptuosis domibus et in exquisitis suavitatibus et commodis » (cfr. Allocut. d. 25 Novembris a. 1948 habitam: A. A. S. XL, 1948, p. 552) ii vitam agant, qui ad sui abnegationem atque ad evangelicam virtutem conformari debeant.
§84 Developing a Sense of Responsibility Particular attention must be paid to character formation in each boy by developing in him the sense of responsibility, the capacity to use his judgment concerning men and events, and the spirit of initiative. For this reason, directors of seminaries must use moderation in the employment of coercive means, gradually lightening the system of rigorous control and restrictions as the boys grow older, by helping the boys themselves to stand on their own feet and to feel responsibility for their own actions. Directors should give a certain liberty of action in some kinds of projects habituating their pupils to reflect so that the assimilation of theoretical and practical truths may become easier for them. Let directors have no fear in keeping them in contact with the events of the day which apart from furnishing them with the necessary material for forming and expressing a good judgment can form material for discussions to help them and accustom them to form judgments and reach balanced conclusions. In universum elaborandum praecipue est, ut singulorum puerorum indoles cuiusque propria recte conformetur; in iisque magis magisque se explicet conscientia quid ex actibus suis in se recidat periculi, quid ipsi de hominibus ac de eventibus iudicii ferant, quid denique ipsi operis ultro sponteque suscipiant. Quam ob causam ii qui sacris Seminariis praesunt modum prudenter animadversionibus imponent, ac crescentibus iuvenum annis ab strictiore eorum custodia vel cuiusvis generis refrenationibus sensim temperent; id prorsus consecuturi ut sibimet ipsis adulescentes moderentur, seseque suorum esse operum auctores sentiant. In quibusdam, praeterea rebus non modo licitam largiantur alumnis agendi libertatem, sed eos etiam ad secum cogitandum in animo insuescant, ut veritates, quae vel doctrinas vel quae usum spectent, faciliore negotio combibant. Neque extimescant moderatores ne concrediti sibi iuvenes hodiernos cognoscant eventus; quin etiam praeter quam quod illis rerum notitias aperient ex quibus maturum de factis iudicium iidem sibi faciant, controversias etiam de quaestionibus id genus ne declinent, ut iuvenum mentes ad aequam rerum rationumque aestimationem informent.
§85 In this way young men are put on the path of honesty and loyalty, of esteem for firmness and uprightness of character and aversion for falsehood and every kind of duplicity. The more sincere and upright they are, the better can they be known and guided by their superiors who must judge whether they are called by God to undertake the burdens of the sacred ministry. Quae si normae servatae religiose fuerint, cum alumni, ad probitatem sinceritatemque instituti atque eruditi, suam non minus ac ceterorum vitae integritatem animique firmitatem summo in pretio habeant, a fallacia et a cuiusvis generis simulatione abhorrebunt. Ab eiusmodi integritate ac sinceritate facile proficiscetur, ut a moderatoribus efficientius iidem adiuvari possint, cum dignoscendum sit utrum divinitus ad sacra capessenda munia vocentur.
§86 Not Too Much Isolation from the World If young men — especially those who have entered the seminary at a tender age are educated in an environment too isolated from the world, they may, on leaving the seminary, find serious difficulty in their relations with either the ordinary people or the educated laity, and it may happen that they either adopt a misguided and false attitude toward the faithful or that they consider their training in an unfavorable light. For this reason, it is necessary that the students come in closer contact, gradually and prudently, with the judgments and tastes of the people in order that when they receive Holy Orders and begin their ministry they will not feel themselves disorientated — a thing that would not only be harmful to their souls but also injure the efficacy of their work. Ubi vero iuvenes — qui praesertim a teneris in sacra Seminaria fuerint recepti — in locis educentur ab hominum societate paulo nimium seiunctis, ii profecto, cum in publicum prodibunt, haud ex facili sive cum minuta plebe sive cum litteratis hominibus commercium habebunt, fietque eis plurimum, ut aut inconsiderate cum christiano populo se gerant, aut, quam acceperint institutionem, secus existiment. Opera idcirco danda est, ut alumni sensim prudenterque in intima populi consilia ac studia penetrent, ne, sacerdotio aliquando initiati sacrisque addicti muneribus, suae incerti sint actionis; quod non tantum ipsorum perturbaret animos, sed eorum etiam sacerdotales labores minueret.
§87 Intellectual, Literary, and Scientific Training Another serious duty of Superiors is the intellectual training of students. Ad haec qui sacris Seminariis praepositi sunt plurimas oportet curas locent in mente alumnorum excolenda.
You have in mind, venerable brethren norms and prescriptions given by this Apostolic See on this subject and We Ourselves from Our first meeting with the students of the seminaries and colleges of Rome at the beginning of Our pontificate have recommended these directives to all.(74)Cf. Orationem die 24 mensis Iunii 1939 habitam: A.A.S., XXXI, 1939, pp. 245-251. Perspecta sane habetis, Venerabiles Fratres, normas atque praescripta, quae hac de re Apostolica haec Sedes identidem tulit, et quae Nosmet ipsi omnibus commendavimus, cum primum, sub Pontificatus Nostri initio, Seminariorum atque Collegiorum Romanorum alumnos coram admisimus (cfr. Orationem diei 24 mensis Iunii 1939 habitam: A. A. S. XXXI, 1939, pp. 245-251).
§88 Not Inferior to That of the Laity In the first place We urge that the literary and scientific education of future priests be at least not inferior to that of laymen who take similar courses of study. In this way, not only will the seriousness of the intellectual training be assured but the choice of subjects also will be facilitated. Seminarians will feel themselves freer in the choice of their vocation and there will be warded off the danger that, through lack of sufficient cultural preparation which can assure a position in the world, one or the other student may feel himself in some way driven to take a path that is not his by following the reasoning of the unfaithful steward: “To dig I am not able, to beg I am ashamed”.(75)Luc., XVI, 3. If, then, it should happen that some student about whom good hopes were formed for his entering the Church should leave the seminary, this would not be a source of preoccupation, because later on the young man who succeeds in finding his path, would not be able to forget the benefits received in the seminary and by his activity would be able to make a notable contribution to the work of the Catholic laity. Qua de re cupimus cumprimis ne litterarum doctrinarumque studiis ii qui futuri sint sacerdotes iis nihil saltem cedant qui e laicis iuvenibus paris sint disciplinae auditores. Hoc namque si cautum fuerit, et ut discipulorum mentes severius expoliantur, et ut facilius eorum habeatur suo cuiusque tempore dilectus cautum sane fuerit. Re enim vera si id contigerit, cum sacrorum alumnus de suae vitae futura condicione deliberaturus erit, nulla prorsus necessitate astringetur; aberitque plane a periculo ne, quod ea non ornetur eruditione atque doctrina, quae civilia sibi munera obicere possit, viam insistere sibi non paratam cogatur, secundum illam villici infidelis sententiam : « Fodere non valeo, mendicare erubesco » (Luc. 16, 3). Quodsi quis alumnorum, utilem licet Ecclesiae operam ostendens, e Seminario nihilo minus cederet, hoc non esset omnino dolendum; quandoquidem is, rectam viam ingressus, beneficiorum in Seminario acceptorum non recordari non posset, nec ad laicorum hominum catholicam alacritatem multum suae alacritatis non adicere.
§89 Philosophical and Theological Training In the intellectual training of young seminarians — although other studies especially those relating to social questions, so necessary today, should not be overlooked — the greatest importance must be given to philosophical and theological teaching “according to the method of the Angelic Doctor”(76)Cf. C.I.C., can 1366, 2. brought up to date and adapted to meet modern errors. Study of these subjects is of maximum importance and usefulness both for the priest himself and for the people. The masters of the spiritual life state that the study of the sacred sciences, provided they be imparted in the right way and according to correct systems, is a most efficacious help in preserving and nourishing the spirit of faith, checking the passions, and maintaining the soul united to God. In sacrorum institutione alumnorum, quamvis multarum cognitio disciplinarum perquiratur, in quibus hodie rerum socialium investigatio magni quidem est momenti, maxima tamen vis doctrinis philosophicis ac theologicis « ad Angelici Doctoris rationem » (cfr. C. I. C. can. 1366, 2) tribuenda est, cum his necessitatum atque errorum, quae nostra invexerit aetas, notitia coniuncta. Huiusmodi enim doctrinae cum sacerdotibus ipsis, tum christiano populo maximi sunt ponderis et utilitatis: pietatis magistris asseverantibus eas, modo fuerint idonea ratione traditae, ad servandum alendumque fidei studium, ad cupiditates debilitandas, ad animum cum Summo Dei Numine coniungendum maxime valere.
It must be added that the priest who is the “salt of the earth” and “the light of the world”(77)Cf. Matth., V, 13, 14. must labor mightily for the defense of the Faith by preaching the Gospel and confuting the doctrinal errors opposed to it which are disseminated today among the people by every possible means. But these errors cannot be efficaciously fought if the unassailable principles of Catholic philosophy and theology are not thoroughly known. Accedit quod sacerdos, qui veluti « sal terrae » et « lux mundi » (cfr. Matth. 5, 13, 14) est putandus, opus est, ut in fidei tuitione conatu maximo elaboret, Christi Evangelium promulgans, atque oppositos errores coarguens, qui omnibus viis hoc tempore seruntur in vulgus. Atqui erroribus valenter refragari nequibit, nisi quod firmissima philosophiae ac theologiae catholicae elementa penitus didicerit.
§90 The Scholastic Method In this connection, it is not out of place to recall that the method of teaching which has long been in use in Catholic schools is of particular efficacy in giving clear concepts and showing how doctrines entrusted as sacred deposit to the Church, teacher of Christians, are organically connected and clear. Today, there are not lacking those who, departing from the teachings of the Church and overlooking clarity and precision of ideas, not only depart from the correct method of our schools but open the way to errors and confusion, as sad experience shows. A qua causa alienum non est animadvertere docendi rationem, quae in catholicis scholis iamdiu invaluit, plurimum habere efficacitatis simul ad perspicue rerum notiones mente concipiendas, simul ad hoc confirmandum: veritates nempe, quae ut sacrum depositum fuere Ecclesiae, christianorum magistrae, concreditae inter se perfecte congruere ac cohaerere. Non desunt vero hac nostra aetate qui, cum de recentioribus Ecclesiae documentis deflexerint, cumque minus notionum definitae perspicuitati studeant, praeterquam recta discesserint nostrarum scholarum via, erratis etiam ambiguisque opinionibus, ut est experiendo cognitum, introitum patefaciant.
§91 In order to prevent wavering and uncertainty where ecclesiastical studies are concerned, We, strongly exhort you, venerable brethren, to watch carefully that the precise rules laid down by this Apostolic See for such studies be faithfully received and translated into action. Quare ne sacrorum administrorum studia fluctuationibus, vel dubitationibus miserum in modum haereant, maximopere vos, Venerabiles Fratres, hortamur omnes sedulo evigiletis, ut quas Apostolica haec Sedes de huiusmodi studiis colendis certas constituit normas, eae integra fide accipiantur atque serventur.
§92 SPIRITUAL AND MORAL TRAINING: The Harm of Knowledge for Its Own Sake If, with so much solicitude, We have, in the discharge of Our Apostolic office, recommended solid intellectual training among the clergy, it is easy to understand how much We have at heart the spiritual and moral training of young clerics without which even outstanding knowledge can bring incalculable harm on account of arrogant pride which easily enters the heart. Therefore, Mother Church primarily and anxiously wishes that in seminaries solid foundations be laid for the holiness that the minister of God must develop and practice all his life. Si tam impense, pro Apostolico quo fungimur officio, de clericorum intellegentia praeclare excolenda adhuc admonuimus, haud difficile tamen cognitu est cur nihil sit Nobis potius quam ut eorumdem iuvenum animi moresque probe conformentur; quoniam si secus acciderit, vel exquisitissima doctrina, ob superbiam atque arrogantiam, quae facile descenderit in animos, maximas edere poterit ruinas. Quapropter Ecclesia Mater vult praesertim in sacris Seminariis adulescentes illius sanctimoniae initia inchoënt, quam deinceps in omni vita praestent atque confirment.
§93 Clerics Must Seek the Interior Life As We have already written regarding priests, we now insist that clerical students be deeply convinced of the necessity of striving to acquire those ornaments of the soul which are the virtues and, after acquiring them, to preserve them with the desire of increasing them. Quemadmodum de sacerdotibus iam scripsimus, haud secus nunc instamus ut sacri ordinis alumnis persuasissimum sit debere se ad animi potiunda ornamenta, quae virtutes sunt, omni nisu contendere, eademque postquam assecuti fuerint, fortiter servare studioseque augere.
§94 In the course of the day, following the more or less uniform program, clerics perform the same spiritual exercises. There is ready danger that the external exercises of piety may not be accompanied by an interior movement of the soul, a thing which can become habitual and even grow worse when, outside the seminary, the minister of God is often carried away by the necessary performance of his duties. Cum cotidie, iisdem fere semper horis, eadem pietatis officia adulescentes exsequantur, timeri potest ne cum extrinseca religionis exercitatione intimus animi sensus non consonet; quod ferme ex consuetudine facilius fieri apud eos poterit vel etiam ingravescere, cum sacra iidem domicilia egressi, in necessariam suorum munerum perfunctionem saepenumero rapientur.
§95 The Spirit of Faith For this reason, let every care be given to the training of future clerics for the interior life which is the life of the spirit and according to the spirit. Let them do everything in the light of divine Faith and in union with Christ, convinced that there is no other kind of life possible for him who one day must receive the priestly character and represent the Divine Master in the Church. For seminarians, the interior life is the most efficacious means of acquiring the priestly virtues, of overcoming difficulties and carrying out salutary resolutions. Omnis itaque opera atque industria impendatur, ut qui in cleri spem educantur, vitam pie sibi intentam vivant, quae superno spiritu alatur quaeque superno spiritu gubernante moveatur. Omnia iidem operentur divina fide collustrati atque cum Christo Iesu coniuncti; pro certo habentes ab sancto hoc vivendi genere abesse eos non posse, qui sint olim sacerdotio initiandi, Divinique ipsius Magistri personam in Ecclesia gesturi. Nihil enimvero magis sacrorum alumnos impellit ad virtutes sacerdote dignas consequendas, ad perrumpendas difficultates, ad salutaria consilia explenda, quam intimus hic pietatis sensus.
§96 Their Directors Must Instill in Them the Ecclesiastical Virtues Those who are responsible for the moral training of seminarians must always aim at making them acquire all the virtues the Church demands in priests. Of these virtues We have already spoken in another part of this Exhortation and, therefore, there is no reason to return to the subject here. But We cannot refrain from indicating and recommending among all virtues that aspirants to the priesthood must firmly possess those upon which the moral structure of the priest is built, as upon solid pillars. Particularly Obedience Qui clericorum moribus effingendis dant operam id summe spectent opus est, ut iidem virtutes eas complectantur, quas Ecclesia a sacerdotibus poscit. De quibus cum alio huius Exhortationis loco dixerimus, non est profecto cur eadem hic iteremus. Attamen facere non possumus quin ex omnibus virtutibus, quibus sacrorum alumni exornandi sunt, ad eas singulariter illos hic incitemus, quibus, veluti fundamentis, tota sacerdotum sanctitas nititur.
§97 It is necessary that young men acquire the spirit of obedience by accustoming themselves to submit their own will sincerely to that of God manifested through the legitimate authority of the superiors. Nothing can be lamented more in the conduct of the future priest than that it is not in conformity with the Will of God. This obedience must always be inspired by the perfect model, the Divine Teacher Who on earth had but one single program “to do thy will, O God”.(78)Hebr., X, 7. Pernecesse est iuvenes ita obedientiae studium assequantur, ut suam voluntatem assuescant Dei voluntati candide subicere, cuius sunt Seminarii moderatores veluti interpretes habendi. Ac nihil umquam sit in eorum agendi ratione, quod a divina sit voluntate alienum. Huius, de qua loquimur, obedientiae iuvenes a Divino Redemptore exemplum expetant, cui hisce in terris illud unum erat propositum: « Ut faciam, Deus, voluntatem tuam » (Hebr. 10, 7).
§98 From the seminary on, the future priest must learn to give filial and sincere obedience to his superiors in order to be always ready later on to obey his Bishop docilely according to the teaching of the invincible Athlete of Christ, Ignatius of Antioch: “Obey ye all the bishop as Jesus Christ obeyed the Father”.(79)Ad Smyrnaeos, VIII, 1; Migne, P.G., VIII, 714. “He who honors the bishop is honored by God”. “He who does anything without the Bishop’s knowledge, serves the devil”.(80)Ad Smyrnaeos, IX, 1, 714, 715. “Do nothing without the bishop, keep your body like the temple of God, love union, flee discord, be an imitator of Jesus Christ as He was an imitator of His Father”.(81)Ad Philadelophienses VII, 2; Migne, P.G., V, 700. Qui adulescentes in Seminariis versantur iam a primis annis discant ex animo rectoribus suis filiorum more obsequi; ut aliquando Episcoporum suorum voluntati mansuete inserviant; sicut in praeceptis est invictissimi Christi athletae Ignatii Antiochensis: « Omnes Episcopo obtemperate, ut Iesus Christus Patri » (Ad Smyrnaeos, 8, ; MG. 8, 714). « Qui honorat Episcopum a Deo honoratus est; qui clam Episcopo aliquid agit, diabolo servit » (Ibid. 9, 1, 714, 715). « Sine Episcopo nihil facite, carnem vestram ut templum Dei custodite, unionem amate, dissidia fugite, imitatores estote Iesu Christi, sicut et ipse Patris sui » (Ad Philadelphienses 7, 2 ; MG. 5, 700).
§99 Solid and Proved Chastity Every care and solicitude must be used to have the young soldiers of the sacred army appreciate, love, and preserve chastity, because the choice of the priestly state and perseverance in it depend in great part on this virtue. Being exposed to greater dangers, chastity must be solidly possessed and proved at length. Let seminarians, therefore, inform themselves about the nature of ecclesiastical celibacy, of the chastity that they must observe and of the obligations it brings with it,(82)Cf. C.I.C., can. 132. and let them be warned of the dangers they may meet. Let them take heed to defend themselves against these dangers from a tender age, having recourse faithfully to the means offered by Christian asceticism for bridling the passions, because the more strongly and efficaciously they control them, the further the soul will progress in the other virtues and the surer will be the fruit of their priestly ministry. Hence, whenever young seminarians show evil tendencies in this regard and, after a due trial, show themselves incorrigible, it is absolutely necessary to dismiss them from the seminary before they receive Holy Orders. Vigil quoque diligensque cura adhibenda est, ut sacrae militiae tirones magni ducant, ament atque in animo suo pudicitiam tutentur, quippe in qua sit magnam partem positum quod eiusmodi vitae genus iidem sibi constituant, in eoque permaneant. Quae propterea, cum in humana consortione in tanta incurrat pericula, est quod, qui sacerdotalem dignitatem suscepturi sint, in illorum animis iamdiu firmiterque inhaeserit. Non modo igitur certiores clerici opportune fiant quid sint sacerdotum caelibatus ab iisdemque servanda castitas (cfr. C. I. C. can. 132), quidve ea officii exigant, sed de periculis etiam moneantur, quae hanc ob rem afferri ipsis possint. Cohortandi item sunt sacrorum alumni, ut iam a prima aetatula ab periculis praecaveant, ad eas confugiendo cupiditatum comprimendarum rationes, quas caelestium rerum magistri suadeant; quoniam quo erit cupiditatum firmior ac constantior moderatio, eo magis in ceteris virtutibus proficiet animus, uberioresque erunt sacerdotalis sollertiae fructus. Quodsi quis clericorum hac in re ad malum se praestiterit proclivem neque, experimento per aequum temporis spatium capto, ab improba propensione se removerit, is erit utique e Seminario exigendus, antequam sacris ordinibus initietur.
§100 Devotion to the Blessed Sacrament These and all the other priestly virtues can be easily acquired and firmly possessed by seminarians if from the beginning they have acquired and cultivated a sincere and tender devotion to Christ Jesus present “truly, really, and substantially” in our midst in the most august Sacrament, and if they make of Him the inspiration and the end of all their actions and their aspirations. And, if to devotion to the Blessed Sacrament they unite filial devotion to the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, full of trust and abandonment to the Mother of God and urging the soul to imitate her virtues, then the Church will be supremely happy, because the fruit of an ardent and zealous ministry can never be wanting in a priest whose adolescence has been nourished with the love of Jesus and Mary. Haec, de quibus diximus, ac cetera animi ornamenta, sacerdotibus digna, iuvenes in Seminariis degentes facile sibi comparaverint, si a pueris sinceram ac teneram pietatem suxerint erga Christum Iesum « vere, realiter, et substantialiter » sub Sacramenti augustissimi specie praesentem interque nos hisce in terris commorantem; si simul aeque a Christo incitata fuerint atque in Christum spectaverint vel consilia vel labores quae alumni susceperint. Laetitia vero summa perfundetur sane Ecclesia, si ad pietatem erga sanctissimum Eucharistiae Sacramentum adulescentuli singularem pietatem adiunxerint in Beatissimam Virginem Mariam; pietatem inquimus, cuius impulsu animus se totum Divinae Matri committat, ad eiusque sequenda exempla virtutum moveatur; quandoquidern numquam praeclara sollersque actio in sacerdote desiderabitur, cuius adulescentiam praecipuus enutriverit in Iesum et in Mariam amor.
§101 Care of the Younger Clergy Here We cannot refrain from strongly urging you, venerable brethren, to take particular care of the young priests. Facere hoc loco, Venerabiles Fratres, non possumus quin etiam vobis hortatores simus, ut novellorum sacerdotum commendatam singulariter vobis curam habeatis.
§102 The passage from the sheltered and tranquil life of the seminary to the active ministry may be dangerous for the priest who enters the open field of the apostolate if he has not been prudently prepared for the new life. You should realize that the many hopes placed in young priests may fail if they are not gradually introduced to the work, wisely watched, and paternally guided in the first steps of their ministry. Eo tempore quo e Seminarii claustris sacra obituri munera egrediuntur, sacerdotibus, idcirco quod in apertum prosiliunt apostolatus campum, periculum occurrere potest, nisi iam ad novam huiusmodi vitae rationem prudenter ii fuerint instructi. Quam ad rem opportune consideraveritis spes bonas de recentibus sacerdotibus captas saepe posse ad irritum cadere, nisi quis ad labores pedetemptim eos admoverit, nisive ipsis ad labores accedentibus sapienter quis advigilaverit paternoque more moderatus fuerit.
§103 We approve, therefore, the gathering of young priests when possible for some years in special institutions where, under the guidance of experienced superiors, they can develop their piety and perfect themselves in sacred studies and be put on the path toward that form of the ministry more closely corresponding to their temperaments and aptitudes. §104 For this reason We would like to see institutions of this nature established in every diocese or, according to circumstances, for a number of dioceses together. Quapropter probatur valde Nobis novellos hosce sacerdotes, ubicumque potest, per aliquot annos in certa collegia recipi, quibus locis, viris gubernantibus multarum rerum peritis, altius ad pietatem ad sacrasque disciplinas excolantur, ac pro suo cuiusque ingenio ad sacerdotalia munera erudiantur. Has ob causas in votis Nobis est eiusdemmodi collegia vel singula in singulis dioecesibus vel, si res id postulaverit, singula ad plures dioeceses constitui.
§105 In Our own Beloved City, We Ourselves did this when, on the 50th anniversary of Our priesthood, We erected the St. Eugene Institute for young priests.(83)Cf. A.A.S., XLI, 1949, pp. 165-167. Quod ad Nostram hanc Urbem attinet, idem iam Nos, quinquagesimo expleto Nostri sacerdotiii anno, perlibentes fecimus, cum Domum, cui a S. Eugenio nomen est inditum, recentibus a sacerdotio iuvenibus excitari iussimus (cfr. A. A. S. XLI, 1949, pp. 165-167).
§106 We exhort you, venerable brethren, to avoid so far as it is possible placing still inexperienced priests into full pastoral activity or sending them into places far removed from the See of the diocese or from other larger centers. In this situation — isolated, inexperienced, exposed to dangers, lacking prudent advisors, — they themselves and their ministry would certainly suffer harm. Vos adhortamur, Venerabiles Fratres, ut, quantum fieri potest, inexpertos adhuc sacerdotes in mdias ne ingeratis operas, neve eos assignetis locis, vel ab urbe Dioecesis principe vel a celebrioribus eius oppidis remotis. In huiusmodi enim vitae statu si versarentur, segreges, imperiti, periculis oppositi, a magistris prudentibus inopes, incommoda procul dubio ipsi capere eorumque alacritas possent.
§107 It is particularly recommended that young priests live with some pastor and his assistants, for, in this way, with the guidance of older people, they can more easily adjust themselves to the sacred ministry and perfect the spirit of piety. §108 We remind all pastors of souls that the future of newly ordained priests is to a great extent in their hands. The burning zeal and the generous resolutions with which they are animated at the beginning of their ministry can be spent and certainly weakened by the example of their seniors if these latter do not shine with the splendor of virtue or if, under the pretext of not changing old customs, they show themselves inclined to idleness. Probatur quoque admodum Nobis, Venerabiles Fratres, hos novellos sacerdotes una cum loci curione maximo eiusque administris vivere; propterea quod facilius ita, senioribus praeeuntibus, ad sacra munera iidem poterunt informari, atque pietatis studio ardentius imbui. Animorum Pastores omnes ea de causa commonefacimus in suis, magna ex parte, positum esse manibus futururn horum iuvenum sacerdotum successum. Ardor namque et vis, quibus hi in sacerdotio tirones ad primas se conferunt operas, aut restingui aut certe imminui quandoque poterunt seniorum exemplo, talium videlicet qui sive virtutum ornamentis non niteant, sive, illata causa ne veteres, quibus assueti sunt, consuetudines immutentur, otiosum praeoptent vitae institutum.
§109 Community Life We approve and strongly recommend what is already the wish of the Church(84)Cf. C.I.C., can. 134. that the custom of community life be introduced and extended among the priests of the same parish or of nearby parishes. Quod in votum iam venerat Ecclesiae (cfr. C. I. C. can. 134) id Nos et nunc comprobamus et commendamus vehementer, iniri scilicet vel ab unius curiae vel a plurium vicinarum curiarum clero communis vitae consuetudinem.
§110 If the practice of community life brings with it some sacrifice, there is, however, no doubt that great advantages derive from it. In the first place it daily nourishes the spirit of charity and zeal among the priests. Then, it gives an admirable example to the faithful of the detachment of the ministers of God from their own interests and from their families. Finally, it is a testimony of the scrupulous care with which they safeguard priestly chastity. E qua communis vitae consuetudine etsi quaedam incommoditates oriri possunt, nemini tamen dubium est maximas proficisci utilitates: primum caritatis atque alacritatis studium magis magisque cotidie apud sacerdotes incendi; deinde christiano populo documentum supponi quomodo iidem sint a suis ipsorum rationibus a suisque propinquis voluntate seiuncti; tum palam fieri omnibus quam religiosa cura sacerdotes castimoniae suae consulant.
§111 Continuation of Studies Moreover, priests must cultivate study as Canon Law wisely prescribes: “Clerics must not suspend their studies, especially those of a sacred nature, after having received the priesthood”.(85)Can. 129. The Code, besides requiring that examinations be undergone “every year for at least three years”(86)Can. 130, 1. where new priests are concerned, also prescribes that the clergy should hold meetings several times a year “to promote knowledge and piety”.(87)Can 131, 1. Ceterum opus est etiam studiis sacrorum administros dare operam, uti Codice Iuris Canonici continetur: « Clerici studia, praesertim sacra, recepto sacerdotio, ne intermittant » ( Can. 129). Quo Codice praeter quam quod periculum a sacerdotibus novellis praecipitur « singulis annis saltem per integrum triennium » faciendum (Can. 130, 1), conventus quoque saepius in anno ab iisdem habendi praescribuntur « ad scientiam et pietatem . . . promovendam » (Can. 131, 1).
§112 Libraries for the Clergy To encourage these studies, sometimes rendered difficult by the precarious economic conditions of the clergy, it would be most opportune if Ordinaries, according to the splendid tradition of the Church, were to restore dignity and efficiency to cathedral, collegiate, and parochial libraries. Sed ad studia incitanda, quae saepenumero sacerdotes prae domesticae exiguitate rei celebrare nequeunt, summopere expedit locorum Ordinarios, ex vetere praeclaroque Ecclesiae instituto, bibliothecas vel ad aedem Dioecesis principem, vel ad canonicorum collegia, vel ad curias ipsas quondam ordinatas, in pristinam revocare dignitatem.
§113 Despite the despoiling and destruction they have undergone, many ecclesiastical libraries often possess a precious heritage of parchments, of books in manuscript or print, “eloquent testimony of the activity and influence of the Church, of the faith and generous piety of our ancestors, their studies and their good taste”.(88)Cf. Epistulam Emi Card. Petri Gasparri, a publicis Ecclesiae negotiis, ad Italiae Episcopos datam de 15 mensis Aprilis anno 1923: in Enchiridion Clericorum, Typ. Pol. Vat., 1937, p. 613. §114 These libraries must not be neglected receptacles for books but living structures with a room for reference and reading. Above all, however, let them be up to date and enriched with works of every kind, especially those relating to the religious and social questions of our times, so that teachers, parish priests, and particularly young priests may find there the doctrine necessary for diffusing the truth of the Gospel and for fighting error. Quae quidem bibliothecae, quamvis plerumque expilatae eversaeque fuerint, non raro tamen acceptis quasi permagna hereditate cum membranis tum libris aut scriptis aut typis excusis adhuc ornantur, atque ditantur : « quae praeclaro sane testimonio hinc sunt quantos Ecclesia exantlaverit labores quantaque auctoritate floruerit, hinc qua divina fide pietateque maiores nostri arderent, studia exercerent, politam elegantiam adamarent» (cfr. Epistulam Emi Card. Petri Gasparri, a publicis Ecclesiae negotiis, ad Italiae Episcopos datam die 15 mensis Aprilis anno 1923 : in Enchiridion Clericorum, Typ. Pol. Vat. 1937, p. 613). Ne neglectorum receptaculorum loco hae bibliothecae existimentur, sed veluti viventis potius structurae, in qua idoneum conclave libris pervolutandis paretur. At cumprimis bibliothecae ad nostrorum temporum usus ordinentur, atque scriptis omne genus instruantur, praecipua religiosarum et sociabilium rerum ratione habita ; ut nimirum praeceptores, ut curiones, ut novissimi praesertim e sacerdotibus satis inde doctrinarum ad veritates evangelicas promulgandas ad erroresque redarguendos haurire possint.
§115 Finally, venerable brethren, We deem it Our office to give you a warning about the difficulties proper to our time. The Spirit of Novelty §116 You are already aware that among priests, especially those less equipped with doctrine and of less strict lives, a certain spirit of novelty is being diffused in an ever graver and more disturbing manner. Nostrarum denique partium esse ducimus, Venerabiles Fratres, de difficultatibus vos commonere, quae ad nostra haec tempora proxime pertinent. Exploratum certumque esse vobis arbitramur serpere latius et gravius in dies novarum rerum studium inter sacerdotes, ut plurimum sive eruditione atque doctrina sive vitae severitate minus quam ceteri praeditos.
§117 Novelty is never in itself a criterion of truth and it can be worthy of praise only when it confirms the truth and leads to righteousness and virtue. Per se novitas neutiquam est veritatis indicium, atque una ea est condicione laudanda, ut simul veritatem, confirmet, simul probitati ac virtuti conducat.
§118 The age in which we live suffers from serious errors indeed: philosophical systems which are born and die without improving morals in any way; monstrosities of art which even pretend to call themselves Christian; standards of government in many countries which are aimed at the personal interests of individuals rather than at the common prosperity of all; methods of living and economic and social relations which threaten honest men more than the cunning. From this it follows almost naturally that there are not lacking in our times priests, infected in some way by this contagion, who imbibe opinions and follow a mode of life even in dress and the care of their person alien to both their dignity and their mission; priests who allow themselves to be led astray by the mania for novelty whether it be in their preaching to the faithful or in combating the errors of adversaries; priests who compromise not only their consciences but also their good name and the efficacy of their ministry. Hac, quae volvitur, aetate graviter quidem itinere deerratum est: est siquidem dolendum plura philosophorum genera internasci, eademque, hominum moribus nullo modo emendatis, dilabi ; insignia ad deformitatem artis opera cerni, quae christianum nihilo secius nomen mentiuntur; administrandae rei publicae rationem magis ad singulorum civium quam ad communem omnium prosperitatem haud paucis in locis spectare; vitae instituta de oeconomicis ac sociabilibus rebus plus periculi hoestis quam versutis hominibus moliri. Ex quo proclive consequitur sacerdotes nostris hisce diebus omnino non deesse, in quos eiusmodi contagio aliquo modo influat; qui non numquam opiniones imbibant vitaeque genus, etiam in ipso vestis ornatu cultuque corporis, instituant, aeque a sua dignitate aeque a suis muneribus aliena; qui novitatis cupiditate ducantur, cum in concionibus ad christianum populum habendis, tum in adversariorum erroribus coarguendis; qui denique, cum haec fecerint, non solum animi sui fidem infirment, sed, sua etiam attrita fama, efficacitatem sacri officii extenuent.
§119 Changes Require the Bishop's Approval We earnestly call your attention to all this, venerable brethren, confident that, between widespread passion for the new and exaggerated attachment to the past, you will use a prudence which is circumspect and vigilant even when it tries fresh paths of activity and struggle for the triumph of the truth. We are far from holding that the apostolate must not be in keeping with the reality of modern life and that projects adapted to the needs of our time should not be promoted. But since the whole apostolate carried on by the Church is by its essence under the control of the Hierarchy, new forms must not be introduced save with the Bishop’s approval. Ordinaries of one and the same region or one and the same country must strive in this matter to establish an understanding among themselves in order to provide for the needs of their districts and to study the methods best suited to and in keeping with the modern apostolate. §120 In this way, all will be done in an orderly and disciplined manner and the efficacy of priestly action will be assured. Let everyone be persuaded of this: that it is necessary to follow the Will of God and not that of the world, and to regulate the activity of the apostolate according to the directives of the Hierarchy and not according to personal opinions. It is a vain illusion to think oneself able to hide one’s own inner poverty and still cooperate effectively in spreading the Kingdom of Christ by novelties in his method of action. Quibus super rebus diligentiam summopere excitamus vestram, Venerabiles Fratres, nihil sane dubitantes inter immodicam, quae apud non paucos invaluit, vel acti temporis vel futuri cupiditatem, eam, vos esse prudentiam adhibituros, quae tum etiam sapiens ac vigilans sit oportet, cum in novis periclitabitur viis, quid alacritatis quidve contentionis suscipiendum sit quaerens, ut una veritas tandem victrix emergat. Longe plane absumus, ut profiteamur apostolicos labores non debere cum ipsa, quae nunc agitur, vita congruere, neque eas, quae nunc instituuntur, operas non debere huius aetatis necessitatibus inservire. Sed cum sacerdotalem quamvis in Ecclesia sumptam operositatem per legitimae dignitatis gradus necesse sit digeri, nova hac de re incepta non nisi Episcopo sinente ineantur. Sacri autem Pastores ex eadem regione vel Natione hisce super causis identidem opportuna consilia inter se conferant, ea quidem mente ut propriis locorum utilitatibus prospiciant, ac rationibus caveant ad religiosam actionem magis accommodatis atque idoneis. Quae si omnia ad mandatum ordinem relata fuerint, sacerdotum officia non poterit quidem efficacitas non consequi. Haec sibi persuadeant omnes: Aeterni Numinis potius quam hominum voluntati esse obsequendum, atque apostolicam assiduitatem non pro suis cuiusque opinationibus, sed pro sacrae potestatis aut legibus aut normis esse praebendam. Spe enim usquequaque destituitur qui in opinione est posse se insolitis atque absurdis agendi rationibus et animi sui egestatem obtegere et Christi prolatando regno efficientem dare operam.
§121 THE CLERGY AND THE SOCIAL QUESTION Similarly, a correct attitude is required with regard to the social doctrine of our times. Porro non dissimilem recto huic, de quo diximus, agendi modo sacerdotibus ineundum esse putamus, cum de doctrinis socialibus, perinde ut hodie explicantur, causa versatur.
§122 Squarely Facing Communism There are some who show themselves fearful and uncertain when faced with the wickedness of communism which aims to rob of their faith the very ones to whom it promises material prosperity. But documents recently issued by this Holy See have shown clearly the way to be followed, the path from which no one must stray unless he wishes to fail in his duty. Sunt quidem hoc tempore qui ad communistarum, quos vocant, machinationes id videlicet cumprimis spectantium, ut quibus temporalem iidem polliciti fuerint felicitatem, ex eorum animis fidem extrahant, non modo expavescant, sed aestuante etiam sint animo. Verumtamen Apostolica haec Sedes, documentis recens hac super re datis, luculentem stravit viam, cui se committant omnes, e qua, salva officii conscientia, excedat nemo.
§123 Denouncing the Harmful Excesses of Capitalism Others show themselves no less timid and uncertain in the face of that economic system which derives its name from the excessive amassing of private wealth [excessive, or exaggerated, capitalism],TNPhrase in brackets inserted by translator. The preceding phrasing is a literal translation of the official Latin text. Because the Italian translation appearing in L’Osservatore Romano used the word “capitalism” while the Latin did not, the N.C.W.C. News Service requested a precise explanation of the meaning of the Latin phrase. Msgr. Antonio Bacei, secretary of the Vatican Secretariate for Briefs to Princes, said that what was intended by the Latin phrase was “excessive or exaggerated capitalism”. Monsignor Bacci heads the Secretariate that is charged with the preparation in Latin of documents committed to it by the Pope. the serious effects of which the Church has never ceased to denounce. The Church has not only indicated the abuses of capital and the right to property promoted and defended by this system, but has insisted just as much that capital and private property must be instruments of production for the benefit of the whole of society and the means of sustaining and defending the freedom and dignity of the human person. Errors of both economic systems and the harmful results deriving from them must persuade everyone, especially priests, to remain faithful to the social teaching of the Church, — to spread the knowledge of it and, to the extent of their power, to reduce it to practical application. This teaching is the only one that can remedy the evils We have denounced, evils which are so widespread. This teaching unites and perfects the demands of justice and the duties of charity and promotes a social order which does not oppress individuals and isolate them in a blind selfishness but unites everyone in harmonious relations and the bond of fraternal solidarity. Ex alia vero parte non desunt qui se pavidos atque incertos ostendant, ad oeconomicam illam rationem quod attinet, quae a nimio privatarum divitiarum congestu nomen invenit; ex quo gravia consequi nocumenta Ecclesia non semel declaravit. Ecclesia siquidem non tantum ingentium opum ac vel ipsius possidendi iuris abusus indicavit, quos eadem oeconomica ratio parit ac defendit, sed etiam edocuit divitiae ac possessiones ad res labore procreandas conferant oportere, cum universae hominum societatis emolumento, itemque cum humanae libertatis dignitatisque tuitione atque incremento. Quae ex utraque oeconomica ratione oriuntur damna omnibus peculiarique modo sacerdotibus persuadeant, ut de re sociali doctrinam, quam Ecclesia tradit, fideli animo amplectantur, eamdemque cete is irnpertiant ac pro viribus in usum deducant. Haec enim doctrina una potest tam late invalescentibus malis mederi; quandoquidem omnia iustitiae unaque simul caritatis officia summa perfectione componit; ac talem excitari iubet societatis ordinem. qui singulos cives non opprimat, neque ob nimium utilitatis cuiusoue suae studium invicem eos distineat, sed omnes potius quodam mutuarum rationum concentu fraternaeque necessitudinis vinculis devinciat.
§124 Serving Both the Poor and the Well-to-do Following the example of the Divine Master, the priest must help the poor, the working class, all those who are in difficulties and misery, which includes also many of the middle class and not a few brother priests. But he must not overlook those who, although well off as far as worldly goods are concerned, are often the poorest in soul and have need of being called to spiritual renovation in order to do as did Zacchaeus, who said: “I give one-half of my possessions to the poor, and if I have defrauded anyone of anything, I restore it fourfold”.(89)Luc., XIX, 8. Where struggling society is concerned, therefore, the priest must never lose sight of the purpose of his mission. Zealously and fearlessly, he must explain the correct principles regarding property, wealth, social justice and Christian charity among the different classes, and give to all an obvious example of their application. Sacerdotes, Divini Magistri vestigiis insistentes, egentium atque opificum necessitatibus pro facultate occurrant, iisque omnibus, qui in rerum angustiis versentur; in quibus quidem non pauci, ut omnes norunt, e media etiam societatis classe atque ex ipso sacerdotum ordine censendi sunt. Nihilominus eos ne neglegant, qui, cum satis fortunae habeant, animi tamen egestate laborant; atque adeo ad vitam penitus instaurandam vocandi sunt, Zachaei exemplo in memoriam redacto, qui dixit: « Dimidium bonorum meorum . . . do pauperibus, et si quid aliquem defraudavi, reddo quadruplum » (Luc. 19, 8). Cum de re sociali causa vertitur, sacrorum administri numquam obliviscantur quo suum debeat spectare munus: alacres nempe ac nihil haesitantes recta ea proponant doctrinae principia, quae, in variis societatis classibus, ad ius dominii, ad divitias, ad iustitiam caritatemque pertineant; eademque principia quo aptiore modo efficienda sint suo exemplo doceant.
§125 Educating the Laity in Social Duties Ordinarily, carrying out of these Christian social principles in public life is the task of the laity, but where no capable lay Catholics are found, the priest should make every effort to train some adequately. Haec tamen doctrinae praecepta laici homines ad effectum deducenda curent. Quodsi ad rem pares non sint, eos sacrorum administer quam aptissime instruat atque conformet.
§126 THE HOLY FATHER'S SOLICITUDE FOR IMPOVERISHED PRIESTS This subject gives Us the opportunity of saying a word about the economic conditions in which, during the postwar period, very many priests find themselves, especially those in regions which have felt more seriously the consequences of the war and of the political situation brought about by the recent conflict. This state of affairs distresses Us profoundly and We leave nothing undone in order to relieve to the best of Our ability the hardship, misery, and extreme want experienced by many. Heic opportunum esse ducimus causam attingere de domesticarum rerum angustiis, quibus plurimi sacerdotes post recens bellum afflictantur; in iis praesertim regionibus, quae vel eiusdem belli causa, vel ob politicarum rerum statum maxima acceperunt detrimenta. Harum rerum condicionibus cum acerrime Nos angamur, nihil reliqui facimus, quod pro facultate Nostra possit calamitates, aerumnas summamque multorum indigentiam relevare.
§127 You especially, venerable brethren, are well aware how, in places where there was extreme need, We intervened through the Sacred Congregation of the Council and gave extraordinary faculties to the Bishops and established special norms to eliminate glaring economic inequalities among priests of the same diocese. We observe that, in some places, priests have answered their Pastor’s call in a praiseworthy manner. In other places, it has not been possible to carry out fully the regulations laid down, because of serious difficulties encountered. §128 For this reason, We exhort you to continue in paternal fashion on the path you have taken and to notify Us of the results of your efforts, for it is inadmissible that the worker who has been sent into the vineyard of the Lord should go without his daily bread. Probe nostis, Venerabiles Fratres, Nos — quibus in locis maiores viderentur esse necessitates — per Sacrum Consilium cleri disciplinae praepositum, extraordinarias Antistitibus fecisse facultates ac peculiares edidisse normas, quibus graviores oeconomicarum rerum disparilitates aequo modo componerentur, quae ad sacerdotes pertinerent Dioecesis cuiusque suae. Atque exploratum Nobis est alicubi sacrorum administros non paucos, laude sane dignos, suorum Pastorum monitis obsecutos esse; alicubi vero, ob natas difficultates, datas normas integra ex parte suos effectus consecutas non fuisse. Vos igitur adhortamur ut, paterno ducti animo, inceptum iter insistatis, cum non liceat operarios in vineam Domini missos cotidiano carere pane. Hac de re ne gravemini identidem Nos certiores facere qui successus operam vestram consecuti fuerint.
§129 Social Security for Priests Moreover, venerable brethren, We strongly praise all joint efforts you make so that priests not only do not lack for their daily needs but also that their future is provided for, following the social security system which is already in force in other classes of society, which We praise so much and which assures proper assistance in case of sickness, invalidism and old age. In this way you will relieve the anxieties of priests about an insecure future. Ac praeterea consilia illa summopere commendamus, Venerabiles Fratres, quae inter vos collaturi estis, ut non modo in praesens sacerdotibus cotidiano victui necessaria ne desint, sed ut iisdem, etiam in posterum, certis statutis opportunisque rationibus, prospiciatur — quod quidem in civili societate factum admodum probamus — idque cum praecipue vel iidem sacerdotes in morbos incidant, vel devexa valetudine laborent, vel senectute conficiantur. Ita enim eos sollicitudine exsolveritis de futuro ipsorum vitae statu.
§130 Praise for Those Who Aid Fellow Priests In this connection, We express Our paternal gratitude to all those priests who, even at considerable sacrifice, have helped and still help their brethren, especially the sick and aged. By acting in this manner, they give a shining proof of that mutual charity which Jesus Christ has laid down as the distinctive mark of His disciples: “By this will all men know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another”.(90)Ioann., XIII, 35. We trust that these ties of brotherly love will become ever closer among priests of all nations so that it may become ever more obvious that they, ministers of God the Universal Father, are united by the bond of charity, wherever they live. Quam ad rem gratum placet sacerdotibus Nostrum significare animum, qui incommoda posthabentes, quae inde sibi exoriantur, suis in sacro ministerio collegis, ope egentibus, suppetias venerint ac veniant, senio praesertim, vel infirmitate affectis. Id enim praestantes, egregium mutuae illius caritatis praebent indicium, quam Christus discipulis suis quasi insigne dedit, quo ab omnibus dignoscerentur: « In hoc cognoscent omnes quia discipuli mei estis, si dilectionem habueritis ad invicem » (Io. 13, 35). Ominamur quoque ut arctioribus cotidie fraternae huius necessitudinis vinculis Nationum omnium sacerdotes invicem copulentur, ut luculentius usque pateat eos, cum Dei communis omnium Patris administri sint, eodem, ubique gentium commorentur, amoris afflatu inter se animari.
§131 But you well understand that such a problem cannot be adequately resolved unless the faithful feel the obligation to help the clergy according to their ability and to take every step needed to achieve this end. At vobis procul dubio perspectum est gravibus huius causae difficultatibus vos mederi penitus non posse, nisi christifideles etiam se officio teneri sentiant, pro sua cuiusque parte, clero subveniendi; ac nisi opportuna omnia adhibeantur, quae ad huiusmodi conducant finem.
§132 Educating the Faithful to Aid Priests in Want Therefore, instruct the faithful under your care on their obligation to help their priests in want. Our Lord’s words always hold true: “The laborer deserves his wages”.(91)Luc., X, 7. How can you expect fervent and energetic work from priests when they lack the necessities of life? Those faithful who overlook this duty open the way, although involuntarily, to the Church’s enemies who in a number of countries seek to reduce the clergy to want in order to deprive the people of their lawful pastors. Propterea concreditum vobis populum admoneatis debito eum obstringi ferendi opem sacerdotibus, qui in necessitate versentur; quandoquidem semper Divini Redemptoris sententia viget: « Dignus est enim operarius mercede sua » (Luc. 10, 7). Quomodo enim a sacrorum administris alacrem sui muneris operam postulari potest, quibus necessariae ad vivendum res non suppetant? Ceterum qui christifideles hoc neglegunt, Ecclesiae inimicis, etsi nolentes, viam quasi sternunt, qua facilius iidem queant ad inopiam in non paucis Nationibus redigere clerum, ut eum a legitima auctoritate abstrahant.
§133 Obligation also on the Part of Public Authorities Public authorities also, according to the conditions prevailing in each country, have the duty of providing for the needs of the clergy, from whose activity society derives incalculable spiritual and moral benefits. Ii etiam, qui publicae rei praesunt, pro diversis Civitatum condicionibus, necessitatibus cleri consulant oportet, ex cuius perfunctione muneris plurimae utilitates ad civium animos eorumque mores, summo cum totius societatis profectu, permanare possunt.
§134 FINAL EXHORTATION Finally, before closing Our exhortation, We cannot refrain from recapitulating and repeating how much We desire to impress Our words deeper and deeper on your minds as a program of life and work. Bringing All Souls to Jesus §135 We are priests of Christ. Therefore we must labor with all our strength to see that the fruits of His Redemption be most efficaciously applied to every soul. Consider the immense need of our time. We must make every effort to lead back to Christian principles those brethren who have strayed through error or been blinded by passions, to enlighten nations with the light of Christian doctrine, to guide them according to Christian norms and to form in them more Christian consciences, and lastly to urge them to struggle for the triumph of truth and justice. Postremo, antequam scribendi finem faciamus, temperare Nobis non possumus quin ea hortamenta summatim heic vobis iteremus, quae cotidie ante oculos habeatis necesse est, utpote praecipuae existimandae sint vitae navitatisque vestrae normae. Cum Iesu Christi sacerdotes simus, eo contendamus oportet, ut quam ipse egit, hominum redemptio validissimam in singulorum animos vim exserat. Gravissimas autem aetatis huius nostrae necessitates intento reputantibus animo, enitendum nobis est ut fratres, vel a recto itinere aberrantes, vel cupidinum obcaecatos caligine, ad christiana praecepta reducamus; ut populos christianae doctrinae luce collustremus, christianis regamus normis et christianorum officiorum conscientia penitus informemus; ut denique omnes incitemus ad veritatis et iustitiae animose certanda certamina.
§136 Transmitting to Others the Life Received from Christ We shall reach our goal only when we have so sanctified ourselves that we are able to transmit to others the life and virtue we have received from Christ. Showing Good Example At propositam metam tum solummodo assecuturi erimus, cum ad talem sanctitudinis pervenerimus verticem, ut quam a Christo vitam virtutemque in nos derivaverimus, eam in ceteros effundamus.
§137 For this reason, We remind every priest of the words of the Apostle: “Do not neglect the grace that is in thee, granted to thee by reason of prophecy with the laying on of hands of the presbyterate”.(92)I Tim., IV, 14. “Show thyself in all things an example of good works, in teaching, in integrity and dignity; let thy speech be sound and blameless, so that anyone opposing may be put to shame, having nothing bad to say of us”.(93)Tit., II, 7, 8. Singulos igitur sacerdotes Apostoli hortatione monemus: « Noli negligere gratiam, quae in te est, quae data est tibi... cum impositione manuum presbyterii » (Tim. 4, 14); « in omnibus teipsum praebe exemplum bonorum operum, in doctrina, in integritate, in gravitate, verbum sanum, irreprehensibile, ut is, qui ex adverso est, vereatur, nihil habens malum dicere de nobis » (Tit. 2, 7, 8).
§138 Esteeming the Priestly Vocation Take the greatest heed of your vocation, beloved sons, and live it so as to produce abundant fruit for the edification of the Church and the conversion of her enemies. Dilecti filii, suscepti muneris gratiam plurimi facientes, ita vivite ut eadem in vobis vigeat fructusque pariat uberrimos, qui ad spiritualem Ecclesiae utilitatem ad eiusque inimicorum emendationem summ,opere conferant.
§139 Renewal of Spirit in this Holy Year In order that this Our paternal exhortation may achieve the desired result, We repeat to you these words which, in view of the Holy Year, are more opportune than ever before: “But be renewed in the spirit of your mind, and put on the new man, which has been created according to God in justice and holiness of truth”.(94)Ephes., IV, 23, 24. “Be you, therefore, imitators of God, as very dear children and walk in love, as Christ also loved us and delivered himself up for us an offering and a sacrifice to God to ascend in fragrant odor”.(95)Ephes., V, 1, 2. “But be filled with the Spirit, speaking to one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your hearts to the Lord”.(96)Ephes., V, 18, 19. “Be vigilant in all perseverance and supplication for all the saints”.(97)Ephes., VI, 18. Utque paterna haec adhortatio Nostra quod spectat feliciter assequatur, vos etiam atque etiam hisce verbis admonemus, quae hoc Sacro praesertim vertente Anno tam opportuna videntur : « Renovamini . . . spiritu mentis vestrae et induite novum hominem, qui secundum Deum creatus est in iustitia et sanctitate veritatis » (Eph. 4, 23, 24); « estote . . . imitatores Dei, sicut filii carissimi: et ambulate in dilectione sicut et Christus dilexit nos et tradidit semetipsum pro nobis oblationem et hostiam Deo » (Ibid. 5, 1); « implemini Spiritu Sancto, loquentes vobismetipsis in psalmis et hymnis, et in canticis spiritualibus, cantantes et psallentes in cordibus vestris Domino » (Ibid. 5, 18, 19), « vigilantes in omni instantia, et obsecratione pro omnibus sanctis » (Ibid. 6, 18).
§140 A Holy Year Retreat Reflecting upon these incentives given by the Apostle of the Gentiles, We think it opportune to suggest that during the course of this Holy Year you make an extraordinary Retreat so that, full of renewed fervor and piety, you can incite other souls to acquire the treasures of divine indulgence. Quae Apostoli gentium incitamenta animo recogitantes, opportunum ducimus suadere vobis ut, hoc eodem Sacro volvente Anno, Spiritualibus Exercitiis operam praeter statum ordinem detis; ita quidem ut, pietatis ardore moti, quem inde percepturi estis, ceterorum quoque animos ad potiundos divinae indulgentiae thesauros aptius advocetis.
§141 Confidence in Mary, Mother of Priests When you meet very serious difficulties in the path of holiness and the exercise of your ministry, turn your eyes and your mind trustfully to her who is the Mother of the Eternal Priest and therefore the loving Mother of all Catholic priests. You are well aware of the goodness of this Mother. In many regions you have been the humble instruments of the mercy of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in wonderfully reviving the faith and charity of the Christian people. Cum autem peculiari modo experiemini quam difficile sit per arduum sanctimoniae procedere iter, ac vobis creditis perfungi officiis, tum ad eam fidentes oculos fidentemque animum erigite, quae Aeterni Sacerdotis cum sit Genetrix, catholici quoque cleri est Mater amantissima. Non modo huius Matris erga vos benignitatem optime nostis, sed multis etiam locis, illius Immaculati Cordis misericordia concionando proposita, christiani populi fidem ac pietatem mirum in modum saepenumero exsuscitastis.
§142 Our Lady loves everyone with a most tender love, but She has a particular predilection for priests who are the living image of Jesus Christ. Take comfort in the thought of the love of the Divine Mother for each of you and you will find the labors of your sanctification and priestly ministry much easier. Si omnes Deiparae Virgini flagranti in amore sunt, at singulari dilectionis studio ipsa sacerdotes amplectitur, qui vivam Iesu Christi imaginem in se referunt. Cum igitur eiusmodi singularem amorem ac peculiarem in vos omnes Beatissimae Virginis tutelam summo cum animi solacio consideraveritis, tum vestros sentietis ad sanctitatem et ad sacerdotalia exercenda munera nisus faciliores fieri.
§143 All Priests Entrusted to Mary To the Beloved Mother of God, mediatrix of heavenly graces, We entrust the priests of the whole world in order that, through her intercession, God will vouchsafe a generous outpouring of His Spirit which will move all ministers of the altar to holiness and, through their ministry, will spiritually renew the face of the earth. Nos Almae Dei Parenti, caelestium gratiarum conciliatrici, omnes quotquot in orbe terrarum sunt sacerdotes, enixe commendatos volumus, ut, ea deprecante, largissimam Deus effusionem sui Spiritus descendere iubeat; qui quidem et sacrorum omnes administros ad sanctimoniam impellat, hominumque genus renovatis moribus instauret.
§144 Special Blessing for Persecuted Clergy Trusting in the powerful patronage of the Immaculate Virgin Mary as far as the realization of these wishes is concerned, We implore an abundance of divine graces on all, but especially on the Bishops and priests who suffer persecution, imprisonment and exile because of their dutiful defense of the rights and the freedom of the Church. We express Our most tender affection to them and exhort them paternally to continue to give an example of priestly courage and virtue. Quae fausta ac salutaria, Immaculatae Virginis Mariae interposito patrocinio, eventura sperantes, supernorum munerum copiam omnibus imploramus; sacris praesertim Antistitibus ac sacerdotibus, qui, cum Ecclesiae iura eiusque libertatem pro officii sui conscientia tuiti fuerint, insectationes, carcerem, exsilium patiuntur. Eos Nos peculari caritate prosequimur; utque sacerdotali illa, qua adhuc in exemplum praestitere, fortitudine ac virtute excellere pergant, paterno eos adhortamur animo.
§145 Blessing for All Priests May the Apostolic Blessing that We lovingly impart to each and all of you, venerable brethren, and to all your priests, be the earnest of these heavenly graces and a proof of Our paternal benevolence. Quorum interea supernorum munerum sit auspex paternaeque voluntatis Nostrae testis Apostolica Benedictio, quam vobis singulis universis, Venerabiles Fratres, cunctoque clero vestro amantissime impertimus.
§146 Given at Rome, in Saint Peter’s, on the twenty-third day of September in the year of the Great Jubilee, 1950, the twelfth year of Our Pontificate. Datum Romae, apud S. Petrum, die XXIII mensis Septembris anno Maximi Iubilaei MDCCCCL, Pontificatus Nostri duodecimo.